Example Essay on Las Meninas

The aim of this paper is to analyze why Diego Velazquez’s painting “Las Meninas” is also regarded as a manifestation of the tradition of “critical thinking” that crystallized with modern philosophy as discussed by Michel Foucault in “The Order of Things.” French philosopher and historian Michel Foucault was the most influential public figures with the 20th century in European and American intellectual circles. He spent most of his academic tenure as Professor with the History of Systems of Concept at College de France, though lecturing at University of California at Berkeley for a year and giving guest lectures. He is noted for his research into this sort of areas as sexuality, madness, reason, incarceration as well as other foundational historical, social and philosophical issues. He was also active politically, advertising the agenda of radical left and campaigning for your rights of marginalized groups, such as homosexuals (Miller, 2000).

Michel Foucault’s fascination with Velazquez’s “Las Meninas” is associated with the painting’s preoccupation with exploring 2 philosophical concepts Foucault explored widely in his works, namely the notion on the gaze and also the concept of representation. The simple fact that the painter (a self-portrait of Velazquez) is looking at anything that is supposed being invisible to the spectator invites those with regards to the painting to apprehend themselves.

Thus, spectators are prescribed an active instead of passive role in observing the painting:
“We are observing ourselves being witnessed by the painter, and created visible to his eyes by the exact same light that enables us to see him. And just as we are about to apprehend ourselves, transcribed by his hand as while inside a mirror, we find that we can in reality apprehend practically nothing of that mirror but its lustreless back.”

Foucault’s exploration from the program of observation is in accordance with the interactionist technique to knowledge creation. As O’Farrell (2008) informs, “Foucault uses the term [gaze] to refer on the truth that it's not merely the object of knowledge which is constructed but also the knower.”

The painting represents spectacle-as-observation, given that the painter as well as other figures take into account the painter’s models that should remain invisible towards spectator. Yet the spectator can see the painter’s models, King Philip IV and his wife, inside the mirror that is certainly placed at the wall during the back the room.

While spectators can see the figures inside the mirror, the painter himself or any person of his posse are not searching at the mirror, so it remain invisible for them. Foucault (1994) notes that “[t]here are, it's true, some heads turned away from us in profile: but not 1 of them is turned far ample to see, at the back with the room, that solitary mirror, that small glowing rectangle that is certainly absolutely nothing other than visibility, yet with out any gaze able to grasp it, to render it actual, and to enjoy the suddenly ripe fruit in the spectacle it offers.”

This phrase calls to the question the foundations of solipsism – whether objects truly exist if not regarded, observed, gazed at by a living being. Foucault’s statement how the mirror just isn't rendered real by anyone looking at it suggests how the painting implicitly probes the thought of solipsism. The notion of gaze, central towards analysis on the painting, is linked to a variety of other, more substantial philosophical issues. For example, Foucault’s interest within the dilemma of representation stems from his conviction that representation is inherently linked to knowledge. “Las Meninas,” by virtue of its spatial organization, allows software package of deconstructive ways to analyzing the painting itself and critically reflecting on concepts that are employed in this analysis. As Denzin (2007) notes, “a deconstructive reading engages four paired terms: (1) the actual and its representations in a text; (2) text and author; (3) presence and lived experience; (4) subjects and their intentional meanings” (p. 69).

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Social Responsibility Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility

These days 's corporation environment is extremely volatile in nature. This has produced several companies to encounter many business risks that are incredibly complex in nature. The firm risks occur in quite a few ways. They include company ethics, investor desires, corporate governance, competitive marketplace pressures, regulatory compliance, changing technology and accountability.

Outsourcing has come to be a strategic imperative within the organization sector due to the fact the nineteenth century. The objective of outsourcing is to consulting and independent venture that plays a large role in improving operations in businesses. Outsourcing involves disciplined and systematic procedure that enhances effectiveness in manage, governance procedures and also risk management that adds value in numerous companies globally. Quite a few companies carry out outsourcing either partially or on full basis. The management team has to look at numerous choices, ahead of deciding on what level of outsourcing has to be incorporated. This activity plays a big role in increasing effectiveness inside the company. Look for shows that outsourcing enhances accountability inside corporations. It is time saving and very cost highly effective as soon as well managed.

This undertaking carries a number of disadvantages to organizations, one of them is that Outsourcing involves external experts and this is discovered to become producing an avenue for them to access confidential information within Firms. This increases insecurity therein. Look for shows that this venture is really hard specifically in the area of incorporating decentralized budgets. In most cases it plays a role in demoralizing employees in particular once they are very qualified and competent to carry out their activities during the organization.

Outsourcing can be done in two methods either that is.

Partial outsourcing

This is whereby organizations source services from external sources a smaller amount than hundred percent. Most organizations source fifty percent of these services from external support providers. Several corporations incorporate partial outsourcing of experts. That is also identified in other terms as co-sourcing. This really ways acquiring to balance in between full outsourcing and retaining an in household team. That is whereby in most cases the in home team has very good control with the workflow within the company. The management decides to produce good use of external advisors these kinds of how the internal employees get more aid. That is in particular once specialist skills are required.

In this venture there's integration of a partnership that may be formal in between the external as well as the internal jobs teams. In this situation each party genuinely contributes experiences, skills and complementary knowledge. That is normally done in many businesses like a approaches of cost cutting. It also helps quite a few companies to upgrade their capabilities inside the corporation. It also plays a big role in increasing responsiveness and efficiency inside business (Alley, 1993).

This helps numerous businesses to build operational effectiveness and efficiency specifically inside areas how the business is exposed to beneficial risks. This really is also good to firms as they are helped to comply with approved policies, market most effective practices, procedures and regulatory requirements. This is whereby the methodology incorporated focuses on elimination of risks. This involves the use of risk... 

Peer reviewed article in the social sciences

Social Science Critique

Quite a few researchers have placed a direct relationship between music and also the improvement of someone 's learning potential . It is for this reason that many corporations for example that with the National Association for your Education of Little ones (NAEYC ) have launched several a number of programs to be implemented in several improve the learning abilities and knowledge gathering of these students from preschool to college education. This would look to the research study conducted by Rachel Lee Nardo , Lori A . Custodero , Diane C . Persellin and Donna Brink Fox entitled Looking Back , Seeking Forward : A Report on Early Childhood Music Education in Accredited American Preschools ' which was published within the Journal of Look for in Music Education last 2006 . Specifically , the would seem into the goals in the search learn conducted by the authors with the report , the methodology employed , many studies and literary materials that the authors applied to serve as being a background and basis of their studies , the result with the find out and also the various conclusions that they have derived within the results . The would also contain a critique with regards to the search conducted by the study from the authors as component of this 's conclusion.

Past Research Conducted

There had been several studies that had been conducted by many researchers with regards to the incorporation of music studies to several conducted had been on a implementation of numerous music lessons and instructional methods in each private and public academic institutions In accordance with the understand of Golden (1989 , nearly 100 of the preschools in Ohio in which the understand was conducted stated that they have incorporated music studies in their curriculum , with 79 on the respondents conducting music studies over a daily basis (as cited in Nardo , Custodero Persellin Brink Fox , 2006).

. 280 . This was followed up by another learn which was conducted by Tarnowski and Barrett (1992 ) in Wisconsin They determined that in preschools that have incorporated music studies in their curriculum , the most standard methods with the incorporation of music studies at this finger-play activities (as cited in Nardo , Custodero , Persellin Brink Fox , 2006, 280).

Rationale from the Study Conducted

While there had been numerous studies conducted in relation towards implementation of music studies in preschool education , only a single follow-up find out has been conducted in reference to this in the past decade . As this kind of , the authors in the report decided that in for several firms including NAEYC to help and cater towards the needs of preschool music educators , an evaluation on the modern day status from the implementation of music education in preschool have to first be assessed This was the goal with the creation and development of this find out that they had published . In this study , they sought to see the current popularity by answering right here queries (a) the modern-day popularity of early childhood education (ECE) based... 

Custom essay

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Free Essay on International Economy

International Economy Essay

The aim of this essay is to analyze several questions on international economy. I will be doing this analysis on the basis of international balance. First of all I will regard the basic relations concerning international balance and then apply these relations to the given questions. So, let us see what are the main definitions in international economy. I will enumerate the basic relations and then include the number of the balance relation to the analysis of a particular question.

Export means the cost of goods that the country sells to other countries, import is the cost of goods bought by the country. The difference between exports and imports is called the net merchandise trade balance (1). The difference between the cost of services will constitute consequently the net service trade balance (2). The sum of (1) and (2) is regarded as total balance of goods and services (3).
Net investment income is the difference between the return of US assets in other countries minus return of foreign assets in US (4). Further, unilateral transfers are the payments made by foreigners living in the US to their families, different grants etc. (5) The net capital balance means the difference between net capital outflows (when US assets are being purchased abroad) and net capital inflows (when foreign assets are bought in the US) (6). The sum of the items: (3) + (4) + (5) + (6) is regarded as the international account balance of the country. If this balance is positive, we state that the country has an account surplus, and is the balance is negative, we say that the country has an account deficit. Our main question is what actions can benefit to the account surplus, i.e. if we count the whole account balance taking into account these transactions, the result will be positive. Let us start regarding the given situations.
a) IBM sends computers worth of $100 million to Jamaica, this means that the exports are $100 million increased and we have the whole balance increase for $100 millions; and in exchange IBM will use hotel services on the island, which means that the services import will increase for $100 million, and hence the whole account balance will be reduced for $100 million. After this transaction the whole balance will not change, so this barter is not contributing to the account’s surplus.
b) the US borrows $100 million long term from Europe – hence foreign investments are $100 million increased, the whole balance is $100 million reduced because of (6) being for $100 million reduced; and we have to take into account that this action will also lead to the reduction of balance of other years because of each year loan payments. After this, the USA buys $100 million of European goods, which means that (1) and hence (3) will be another $100 reduced. From this transaction we get a $200 reduction of the whole balance and therefore this transaction is not contributing to the account surplus, it is actually contributing to the account’s deficit.
c) The US sells a $100 million worth arms to Israel, which means that (1) will be increased at $100 million and therefore the whole balance will have an increase in $100 million. Further, the question states that the US makes this selling for $100 million bank deposits, i.e. Israel will have $100 million bank deposits (in US banks as far as I can understand from the statement), and this action will cause an increase of (6) for $100 million as well as future reduction of (4) due to the increase of US payments. This transaction leads to the total increase of account balance for $200 million but to future losses. So, this transaction is now contributing to the account’s surplus, but in future it s consequences will contribute to the account’s deficit.
d) the gift of US government to Colombia in the form of $100 million New York bank deposits which is means to pay for the damages made by US bombings has the form of unilateral payment (5) and currently leads to the account balance reduction for $100 million; i.e. this year this transaction is not contributing to the account’s surplus. In future years this action will be contributing to the reduction of figure (4) and to total reduction of the balance; hence in future years this transaction will not be contributing to the account’s surplus and is not contributing this year as well.
e) in this situation the European Central Bank buys $100 million in US bank deposit and pays to the US banks by providing an $100 million euro deposit in euro bank. From this we can see that this year the total net capital flow has not changed. But in future years we will witness the change of figure (4), and whether it will be contributing to the surplus or deficit of the account, depends on the relation between interest rates of both banks. Hence in this situation we do not have enough information to make a conclusion.
The second question concerns interest rates and EMS exchange rate mechanism within the context of situation in Britain in September 1992. First of all let us find out how the mechanism of the ERM was working. The European monetary system included the artificial currency called the ECU (European currency unit) which was used as a measure of counting exchange rates between countries, and the fixed exchange rate system called ERM (Exchange Rate Mechanism). The ERM system fixed the exchange rates of the countries participating in this system within a certain band. It was meant to contribute to the development of economic activity between countries, but started affecting the economy of ERM countries after the unofficial reserve currency of EMS banks has become the Deutsch Mark, due to fast development of Germain economy at that time. The economy of UK was in a deep recession in 1992; ERM system was affecting the condition of sterling and speculators found out how to use this situation for personal profit. Not long before this process has started, the Economist made a comment on the sterling situation and interest rates in UK. Let us analyze questions based on this quote.
a) Why did the British government critics think that it was possible to reduce interest rates quitting the ERM system? I think it is due to the fact that fixed exchange rates system was not letting the government control the position of sterling at that time. The critics thought that taking sterling out of the ERM system will help Britain to get out of the recession and lower interest rates in such a way.
b) The Economist stated that quitting the ERM will have the opposite effect because due to the actions of speculators and due to recession sterling has lost its power and credibility. Quitting the ERM system will lead to the increase of exchange of sterlings for Deutsch marks and / or other currency which was considered more stable at that time, which would contribute to the fall of sterling and rise of interest rates.
c) ERM membership was meant to contribute to British policymakers in various ways. The main benefits of entering the ERM system are the following: first of all ERM was meant to increase the importance of Europe (and therefore UK, in case of entering it) against global economy. Secondly, it was meant to enhance the development of trade and other economical operation within Europe and therefore unite the countries. Britain was meant to contribute from this alliance as well. Third main aim of ERM system was to improve the common policies, for example CAP (common agricultural policy) and shelter the economies from the fluctuation of interest rates.
d) The most evident explanation of the fact that high level of British interest rates relative to German interest rates will cause the high level of inflation in UK is that this situation will lead to the increase of speculation concerning sterling and to the accumulation of sterlings instead of its circulation. Therefore the amount of actually functioning sterlings will lessen and the inflation rate will increase. Another explanation may be that high interest rates will increase the flows of capital outside the country, which can also increase the inflation level.
e) The reason why the British interest rates might be higher than the German ones might be the expansive policy of German which was causing the interest rates of other countries to rise as well, despite of the current economical situation of these countries. Another explanation is that the witnessed reduction of inflation might cause the inflow of money into British economy, which may be among others the reason for expansion of financial mass in Britain and growth of the inflation level.