Accomplishments of Alewxander the Great

Free of any semipolitical ideology other than his belief in the superiority of classical civilization and his own destiny, he was ruthless toward his enemies but astonishingly moderate toward many individuals and peoples he conquered. He knew how to expand the index and logistical base of his small conquering force by accommodating to local customs. However, after about 331, his dream of an Eurasian empire caused him to succumb to megalomaniac tendencies and to lose touch with his own supporters in his army and at home, many of whom became disenchanted with him. His premature end prevented him from realizing his ambitious dreams for further conquests and consolidation of his empire.

During the century and a half(a) after Athens and Sparta defeated the Persians in 490-479 B.C., the Greek city-states exercised hegemony over the Greek mainland and most of the Aegean Sea area. By the mid-4th century, Athens, which had been modify by the Peloponnesian Wars and internal decay, had passed its peak of power. According to Hammond, the ace of the Greek city- states had been shattered by "a century of internal wars . . . and internal revolutions" (9). Philip II (393-336) effectively achieved dominance over the Greeks by defeating them at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338.

The Macedonians had a highly militarise state cent

Lucas, James (Ed.). prevail: A Historical Dictionary of troops Leaders. New York: Military P, 1988.

Alexander was as much a master of the besieging gun as wars of movement. Although most cities fell to him without a fight, he carried out successful sieges against the Persian naval bases of Miletus and Halicarnassus; and later, during his rapid butt down the Phoenician coast, he used considerable discretion in capturing an offshore fort at Tyre by building a causeway.

Hornblower, Simon. The Greek World 479-323 B.C. London: Methuen, 1983.

Dupuy, R. Ernest, and Trevor R. Dupuy. The encyclopaedia of Military History. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

Maihafer, Harry J. "Upset at Issus." Military History 11 Feb. 1995: 62-69.

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