The Civil Rights Act And Free Exercise And Establishment...

SUMMARY Cheryl Perich was an employer of the Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church and School and filled an employment discrimination suit for alleged violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act. Cheryl became sick and left work to be on disability, but then was not able to return to her position and allegedly urged to resign. When she refused resignation, her employer Hosanna fired her. The EEOC then filed a discrimination suit against Hosanna-Tabor, which was dismissed. Upon the appeal by Perich and the EEOC, courts ruled that Perich was not a ministerial employee and the case must be retried on the merit of the discrimination claims. In this case, 10-553, the appeal was reversed and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Hosanna-Tabor’s actions were lawful. QUESTIONS PRESENTED Under the ministerial exception of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses of the First Amendment, can a religiously affiliated organization, such as religious schools, discriminate based on religion when hiring employees, such as teachers, including those who deal with non-religious tasks, such as teaching a secular subject? BRIEF ANSWER Yes. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that under the ministerial exception of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses of the First Amendment it is lawful for religiously affiliated organization to discriminate based on religion in the form of any tangible job action; as long as theShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Is The Highest Level Of Law1858 Words   |  8 Pagessystem of fundamentals such as amendments that people of a state or nation follow in order to establish and construct their government. II. The First Amendment addresses several personal freedoms. The first clause of the First Amendment, the establishment of free exercise of religion clause, was the focus on taking legal action in education. There have been many cases and disputes that argue the appropriate government relationship in relation to religion. Three of the issues that the cases dealtRead More Freedom Of Expression Essay748 Words   |  3 Pages All people in the United States are guaranteed this right by the Constitution. Students, however, do not have this right to the same extent as adults. This is because public schools are required to protect all students at the school. The major aspects of this right are speech and dress. Both the right to speech and dress are not absolute in public high schools. 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Andrew Stephens s Beyond News The Future Of Journalism

Many critics reject the notion of objectivity on the grounds that no person can be objective because we have biases and a variety of conflicts that we bring to our jobs. Mitchell Stephens, author of Beyond News: The Future of Journalism offers an argument against objectivity. Stephens states that objectivity is impossible because as much as one may try to disappear from the work, there is a kind of meditation that takes place in journalism no matter what, (117). By selecting who to interview or which side of a complex political dispute to air, journalists are evaluating and judging, and not being â€Å"perfectly neutral,† (117). According to Stephens, there are many problems with the effort to balance and see no right or wrong when writing a story. One of these problems is that traditional objective coverage flattens the understanding of politics. Furthermore, an equally balanced piece is too willing to leave it there, making it â€Å"lazy and relieves journalists of any resp onsibility for determining whether he or she might be in error,† (122). Objectivity is also a demanding ideal and the rules are routinely broken by profit-seeking news organizations. Even if it is possible, it is undesirable because it forces writers to use restricted formats and fails to provide readers with analysis and interpretation. Stephens states that â€Å"traditional objectivity not only filters what journalists can say but filters the view of the work they present,† (126). Thus, traditional objectivity andShow MoreRelatedShould The United States Leave The U. N?1197 Words   |  5 Pagesget more scandal than peace).† (Andrew, McCarthy). This quote is saying the United States is paying ridiculous amounts of money to the U.N every year. Andrew McCarthy is a former assistant U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York. 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Elements of Strategic Social Media Marketing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Elements of Strategic Social Media Marketing. Answer: Introduction Business environment includes both internal and external environment that influence the operation procedure in a business. However, client, customer, supplier, competitors, technology, government rules and regulation, role of social media and economic growth of the country are the major factors of business environment (Kew Stredwick, 2017). This study deals with the business environment in the context of Shangri-La Sydney, which is a luxury hotel in Sydney. For this organization, it is crucial to understand their business environment in order to run their business in a successful manner. Thus, it is important for this organization to gather knowledge about the components of the business environment. External environment analysis can be done by using Porter five forces model as it enables an organization to carry out a market research regarding their competitors (Wee, 2017). In the context of Shangri-La Sydney threat of new entrants is a big challenge as it may harm the existing business of such organization in Australia. However, new entrants affect the profitability of the existing firm. On the other hand, bargaining power of the consumer is another big barrier of a business as it allows the customers to put the firm under pressure by resisting their purchasing power. In the context of Shangri-La Sydney, they try to implement customer loyalty program to reduce the bargaining power of the customer (Shangri-la.com, 2017). Next, the bargaining power of the supplier that is the switching cost of the supplier may leave a negative impact on the business. Threat of the substitute often creates a barrier for an organization to compete in the global market (Kew Stredwick, 2017). In the context of Shangri-La belongs they focus on the customer loyalty to enhance their service. Similarly, Four Seasons Sydney, which is the major competitor of Shangri-La belongs also gives their concern towards the customer loyalty. This competitor offers a good leisure experience for the new generation and exceptional customer service. This ensures that the threat of substitutes is high for Shangri-La belongs. Industry rivalry is a big threat for an organization to survive in the competitive market. In the context of Shangri-La, the major two competitors are Four Seasons Sydney and Intercontinental Sydney. However, these are the major two luxury hotels in Sydney and offer high-quality service (Fourseasons.com, 2017). These three companies operate in the same industry with good positions. This may develop a big threat for Shangri-La Sydney. Porter generic competitive strategy is applied to analyze the current competition in the market. Cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and differentiation focus are the major four components of this strategy (Kharub et al., 2017). Cost leadership enables a firm to become a low cost producer in the global market. However, Shangri-La Sydney can use this strategy to reduce their operation cost. This also enables them to reduce the supplier bargaining power, which is a major threat for their business. Focus strategy includes cost focus that will enable Shangri-La Sydney to seek cost advantages in their industry. On the other hand, differentiation focus highlights the differentiation of the target market. However, the differentiation strategy the organization tries to make them unique by product differentiation (Kew Stredwick, 2017). In the context of Shangri-La Sydney, their competitors like Four Seasons Sydney offers various services like spa and workout to the gussets beside the accommodation. This organization also focuses on the incorporation of the new features in their hotel design besides adopting variation in service. On the other hand, Shangri-La Sydney also offers the spa and treatment in the hotel premises; however, the variation in the hotel design of its competitors may develop a barrier for such organization. Thus, they need innovation in their hotel design to achieve competitive advantages. Analysis of the business environment based on public perspectives and discussion of the social media strategy Interest group, news media, social media and public beliefs are the major parts of the public opinion regarding a topic (Endo, 2017). However, the public belief focuses that Shangri-La Sydney offers an extensive service to the consumer in order to meet their demand. However, it is crucial for a hotel to develop a customer-centric business to meet the business goal and objectives. In the context of Shangri-La Sydney, they aim to develop a better service for the customers that highlight the positive aspect of their business. On the other hand, working culture of Shangri-La Sydney is good, as the employees have stated that they like to work in this hotel. Apart from this, operating the public bar in this hotel is quite difficult according to the labor union. For the in-house guest, the employees face difficulty to in operating the public bar in this hotel. An environmental group is categorized in the interest group. This hotel focuses on the environmental sustainability as they have est ablished 5 busy bee hives from which 14-kilogram honey is produced for the guest (Shangri-la.com, 2017). According to the environmental group of Sydney, Shangri-La Sydney is the first luxury hotel in Sydney that follows the urban bee keeping trend. On the other hand, this organization is popular in the social media as they give updated information for their service. Development of a channel through which the photos can be shared regarding the service will be a great social media strategy for the hospitality sectors (Xiang et al., 2017). In the context of Shangri-La Sydney, they can share photos regarding their hotels and destinations by using Instagram and Pinterest. However, both are mobile applications and will be effective for such organization to share the photos of their organization and service in the public domain. Maximum people spend their free time on social media. Thus, this strategy will be helpful for such organization to introduce their product and service on the customer domain belongs from different geographical regions. Other social media tool like, Facebook, Twitter, Youn Tube, Linkdin will be effective for Shangri-La Sydney to introduce their service information in a large population. However, social media reduces marketing cost, attract the customers and allows the organization to gain customer feedback regarding their servic e (Felix, Rauschnabel Hinsch, 2017). One of the major disadvantages of social media application in the context of Shangri-La Sydney is the decrease in the benefit if this organization does not have any clear marketing goal. Discussion of the challenges from entire environmental analysis and solution Based on the analysis of the social factors in the context of Shangri-La Sydney, it has been received that such five-star hotel, focuses on providing service, especially to the upper and middle-class guests. This resists the other customers to access the service, which also decrease the customer number in this organization. Hence, for this organization, it is important to give preference to their guests according to their social class and meet the diverse needs of different types of consumers. For a hospitality sector, it is crucial to identify, the different customer needs to increase the customer loyalty (dos Santos et al., 2017). There are financial, employment and legal issues in the Sydney market, which often creates problem for the luxury hotels to expand their market share in this segment. Hence, it also affects the market expansion of Shangri-La Sydney in Australia. Establishment of the partnership working will be effective for Shangri-La Sydney to reduce the financial issues in Sydney market. This strategy will enable such organization to invest more in their business and to enhance the employment rate in their organization. According to the Porter five forces analysis, the external environment of Shangri-La Sydney includes the threat of alternative products, which is driven by its competitors. However, Four Seasons Sydney is one of the biggest competitors of Shangri-La. This organization focuses on the establishment of the customer loyalty through offering unique service. On the other hand, Shangri-La also gives effort to meet the customer need. Hence, similar service offering by their competitors ensures the barrier to gain competitive advantages. Establishment of product differentiation is effective for a business to reduce the threat of substitutes (Richard Richard, 2017). In the context of Shangri-La product diversification will enable them to make their service unique in the Australian hospitality industry. On the other hand, it is important for Shangri-La to develop a competitive strategy by incorporating new feature in their business, which will reduce the threat of existing competitors. Develop ment of the customer-centric approach by using social media application will allow this organization to understand the current market trend in order to compete in the global market. Competitor Analysis Analysis: The current data as per table 1 shows that the customer focus is high in every hospitality sector in Sydney. It has been observed that weighting of Shangri-La Sydney is high in the context of customer focus. Thus, it can be said that their business is customer-centric. However, the competitors of Shangri-La Sydney also focus on the customer loyalty, which may cause a threat of alternative service in the context of Shangri-La Sydney. On the other hand, the weighting of the product price of Shangri-La Sydney and its competitors is low in comparison to the other success factors. However, the pricing strategy of Shangri-La Sydney and Intercontinental Sydney have similar weighting rate, which highlights that these two hospitality sectors follow premium pricing that may decrease the customer number. On the other hand, employee satisfaction rate is low in Shangri-La Sydney, while in Intercontinental Sydney employee satisfaction rate is high. Hence, this may generate the high turno ver in the context of Shangri-La Sydney. Product diversification rate is high at Four Seasons Sydney. While in the context of Shangri-La Sydney they only focus on the upper and middle-class customers. Thus, they need to diversify their service to meet the needs of various customers belong from different social classes. In order to achieve competitive advantages in the same market segments, Shangri-La Sydney should give their concern towards the employee satisfaction, pricing strategy, and product diversification. Based on this current competitors analysis, it has been said that the competition level is high in Sydney, thus Shangri-La Sydney needs to make their service unique in every aspect to gain competitive advantages. Conclusion The entire study reveals the external environment in the context of Shangri-La, which is a popular five-star hotel in Sydney. However, the major competitors of this organization are Four Seasons Sydney and Intercontinental Sydney, which are operating in the same market segments. These two competitors offer the similar service facility to the Australian consumers that highlight the major challenges for Shangri-La. However, there is a threat of substitutes, which may affect the profit margin of such organization. However, it is crucial for this hospitality sector to develop a customer-centric business to reduce the huge competition and make their service unique. Identification of the current demand of the customers can be done by using the social media marketing in the context of Shangri-La. References Dos Santos, R. A., Mxas, M. P., Meirio, M. J. (2017). Sustainability and hotel business: criteria for holistic, integrated and participative development.Journal of Cleaner Production,142, 217-224. Endo, K. (2017). What Is Public Opinion? In the Age of Comlexedly-Mediated Democracy and Scandal Politics. InReconstruction of the Public Sphere in the Socially Mediated Age(pp. 9-35). Springer, Singapore. Felix, R., Rauschnabel, P. A., Hinsch, C. (2017). Elements of strategic social media marketing: A holistic framework.Journal of Business Research,70, 118-126. Fourseasons.com. (2017).Fourseasons Sydney. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.fourseasons.com/sydney/ Kew, J., Stredwick, J. (2017).Business environment: managing in a strategic context. Kogan Page Publishers. Kharub, M., Kharub, M., Sharma, R., Sharma, R. (2017). Comparative analyses of competitive advantage using Porter diamond model (the case of MSMEs in Himachal Pradesh).Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal,27(2), 132-160. Richard, B., Richard, B. (2017). Hotel chains: Survival strategies for a dynamic future.Journal of Tourism Futures,3(1), 56-65. Shangri-la.com. (2017).Shangri-La-Hotel-Sydney. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.shangri-la.com/sydney/shangrila/ Shangri-la.com. Shangri (2017).-La Hotel, Sydney Makes a Sweet Contribution to the Local Environment. Retrieved 16 November 2017, from https://www.shangri-la.com/sydney/shangrila/press-room/press-releases/shangri-la-hotel-sydney-makes-a-sweet-contribution-to-the-local-environment/ Wee, C. H. (2017). Think TankBeyond the Five Forces Model and Blue Ocean Strategy: An Integrative Perspective From Sun Zi Bingfa.Global Business and Organizational Excellence,36(2), 34-45. Xiang, Z., Du, Q., Ma, Y., Fan, W. (2017). A comparative analysis of major online review platforms: Implications for social media analytics in hospitality and tourism.Tourism Management,58, 51-65.

White Collar Crime Essays (3494 words) - Criminology,

White Collar Crime In this paper the exciting criminal phenomenon known as white-collar crime will be discussed. Corporate Crime and Computer Crime will be discussed in detail. Crime preventative agencies such as the NCPC (National Crime Prevention Council) will also be researched. White Collar Crime The late Professor Edwin Sutherland coined the term white-collar crime about 1941. Sutherland defined white-collar crime as "a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation" (Siegel 337) White-collar crime includes, by way of example, such acts as promulgating false or misleading advertising, illegal exploitation of employees, mislabeling of goods, violation of weights and measures statutes, conspiring to fix prices, evading corporate taxes, computer crimes, and so on. White-collar crime is most distinctively defined in terms of attitudes toward those who commit it. These crimes are punishable by law, however it is generally regarded by the courts and by sections of the general public as much less reprehensible than crimes usually punished by the courts. The other types of crime are blue-collar offenses, which are predominately crimes of the under-privileged. White-collar crimes are punished far less harshly than blue-collar crimes, which shows societies attitudes towards the two sections of society. White-collar crime is attractive to criminals because it brings material rewards with little or no loss of status. (Taft & England 201) For some, white-collar crime is not viewed as a "crime" at all, because of its non-violent nature. Violent crime has an immediate and observable impact on its victim which raises the ire of the public, whereas white-collar crime frequently goes undetected or is viewed as a bending of the rules. Yet white-collar crime can create the greater havoc. The victim of an assault will recover; however, the impact of a fraud can last a lifetime. This is especially true when the elderly are victimized, as they have little or no hope of re-establishing themselves in financial terms. Contrary to the popular belief, white-collar criminals are thieves and the methods used to conceal their offenses are both artful and ingenious. Concealment of the crime is always an objective of the offender, and it becomes an element of the crime itself. Because it is an artful form of deceit, which is skillfully disguised, the investigation itself is often long and laborious as far as proving criminal intent is concerned. The offence itself may be disguised in a maze of legitimate transactions, which are quite proper if viewed in isolation; however, the cumulative effect is the commission of a criminal offence. From the standpoint of the criminal, the ideal white- collar crime is one that will never be recognized or detected as a criminal act. (Radzinowicz 325-335) Corporate Crime Corporate crime is the type of crime that is engaged in by individuals and groups of individuals who become involved in criminal conspiracies designed to improve the market share or profitability of their corporations. ( Siegel 338) Corporations are legal entities, which can be and are subjected to criminal processes. There is today little restriction on the range of crimes for which corporations may be held responsible, though a corporation cannot be imprisoned. The most controversial issue in regard to the study of corporate crime revolves around the question of whether corporate crime is "really crime." Corporate officials, politicians, and many criminologists object to the criminological study of corporate criminality on the strictest sense of the word. The conventional and strictly legal definition of crime is that it is an act, which violates the criminal law and is thereby punishable by a criminal court. From this perspective a criminal is one who has been convicted in a criminal court. Given these widely accepted notions of crime and criminals, it is argued that what is called corporate crime is not really crime and should not be considered as such by either the public or criminologists. (Hochstedler 22) It does appear that now in recent times society has had a growing concern about white-collar and corporate crime. Studies have indicated that the public now judges white-collar criminality to be more serious than it had been in the past, people now have lost confidence in the people running major companies, and most American corporate executives are believed to be dishonest. The public's concern with corporate crime has grown recently, but has been evident for several years. I will use one of the most memorable corporate crime cases in history; The Ford Pinto Case to prove my statement. (Cullen/Maakestad/Cavender 43) The product liability lawsuit and appeal titled Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Company is a case