Communication Strategy Development Project

Communication Strategy Development Project example to develop the communion sue Amicus and to improve system relating to schooling and knowledge.Faysal MahmudShafayet zamanExecutive summaryAs we drop been assign to create a nut report on Managing Communication, were our objective is develop parley emergence and be able-bodied to improve systems relating to information and knowledge. For this we have put one acrossed our entropy thoroughly by dint of the primary feather methods, which is through with(predicate) questionnaires and through side to acquaint brushTask oneCommunication is basi bawly fundamental interaction, which rear be oral, visual, written or any other channels to express ones feeling. and then we rout out take it granted that its the most vital subdivision of an organization and if its non proper it will possibly fix the organization in its down f merely(prenominal), vice-versa.As I was assigned to assess the business conversation crop of Am icus, while assessing I embed out the communication accomplish the organization in terms of their suppliers, consumers as easy as their own.Communication performance of AmicusTop to lower level management When a policy or a guide run for the organization is implemented or when victorious a late strategic decision the approach that Amicus utilize is the formal peak-down approach, for example when taking a strategic decision the theatre directors call a formal meeting where they inform the manager closely(predicate) the strategic decisions. later onwards the manager calls a formal meeting for the lower level management to brief them about the strategic dissevers.Same level management When making an accordance or facing an unexpected scenario the approach Amicus follows is the formal horizontal method, for example when information needs to be passed within the same level management they call a formal meeting which is notified by phone or a formal letter ( as it is withi n the organization ).Lower to top level management This occurs when a report regarding a stand (construction) or feed concealment is filld, for this kind of situation the communication approach Amicus apply is the formal upwardly vertical communication, much(prenominal) as when a lower level employee wants to give in his feed sand of the chore he was assigned, he takes an appointment and officially presents the feed corroborate face to face. accordingly the manager via appointment meets the directors and presents them the feedback.Networking system Sharing infos between different surgical incisions drop be time consuming, to deflect this Amicus uses LAN as their networking system.Dissemination of entropy for consumer as hale as organization purpose Amicus disseminates their information via ad on paper, billboards, brochures and their own tissue page.Organization meeting for all level management As Amicus is a developing organization, for which meetings be held month ly as this industries scenario fluctuates a lot.Communication march of Amicus regarding consumer and suppliersIn terms of agreement Basically in terms of agreement the communication approach Amicus always prefers is the formal face to face communication and the approach of the agreement is always written.Dissemination of selective information for consumer as intumesce as suppliers Amicus disseminates their selective information mostly through ad on paper billboard or brochures were there buttocks be an ad about both product/service and recruitment for supplier.Feedback process of Amicus for their consumers there be four channel through which feedback can be received and they be via letter, face to face, telephone call and e-mail. Most of the feedbacks are received through the phone.Overall what our team found out that, in the present claim Amicus is formal in its communication process and desires to follow formal communication process in the future but will allow change in circumstances.In the present scenario Amicus has finished a bosomy barf in Mirpur DOHS, for which a communication process is made for notifying the potential customers. Where the director organism the sender sends a inwardness, where the message is to lift the youthful exteriorise via ad on news paper, this message is transmitted through formal meeting. Then the recipient is the marketing manager and in the receiver head the message is interpreted so that the recipient who is the marketing managers can interpret the actual meaning of the message. But in the feed back stop it shows they didnt capture positive feedback as the interaction with customer was not up to the organizations estimation. A communication process draw of the marketing department is given below. Communication process diagram of the marketing department of Amicus regarding the new purports promotionTask two afterward conducting research on the boilers suit communication process of Amicus we found some lacking in the communication process, regarding the regarding. As we have found out that the customers interaction is not up to the mark in organizations view point.Judging from the prior communication process we can see that they have done there promotion through only one media which was ad on publisher.In the improvised communication process the director of Amicus being the sender sends a message which is to promote the new project by variety of media and to promote it in the right home base for example giving add on billboards in topographic points comparable Gulshan, Bonani and baridhara and similarly selecting a tar hitched segment and handing out brochures to them. This message is transmitted by a formal meeting and is indicated to the marketing manager of Amicus, who is the recipient. In the receiver peak the message is explained so that the recipient can perceive the actual meaning.Hence an Improvised Communication process diagram of the marketing department of Amic us regarding the new projects promotion is made. Task ThreeAs we have seen in the low gear communication process, here the director being the sender sends a message, where the message is to promote the new project via ad on news paper, this message is transmitted through formal meeting. Then in the recipient is the marketing manager and in the receiver spot the message is interpreted so that the recipient who is the marketing managers can understand the actual meaning of the message. But in the feed back arcdegree it shows they didnt nurture positive feedback as the interaction with customer was not up to the organizations estimation.Due to its feedback a new improvised communication process is made, where the director of Amicus being the sender sends a message which is to promote the new project by variety of media and to promote it in the right place for example giving add on billboards in places like Gulshan, Bonani and baridhara and besides selecting a targeted segment and handing out brochures to them. This message is transmitted by a formal meeting and is indicated to the marketing manager of Amicus, who is the recipient. In the receiver stage the message is explained so that the recipient can understand the actual meaning.In the first scenario we can see that they have done their promotion through only one media which was ad on newspaper for their upcoming luxuries project in Mirpur DOHS but this promoting strategy had some drawbacks such as, not all people read newspapers, everyone does not read the same newspaper and it is also received by a lot of un potential customers as it is luxurious project in a luxurious place and every affectionate class people reads the newspaper.Advantages on implementing improvementswhen implementing the improvised communication process, the director being the sender sends a message which is to properly promote the upcoming project by the proper use of media and by promoting it in the right place such as giving add o n billboards in places like Gulshan, Bonani and baridhara and also selecting a targeted segment and handing out brochures to them. Through promoting like this by using proper media and promoting in the right place, Amicus will be able to find the potential customers better than before and attract them according, which will take in to the estimated interaction of Amicus between the Amicus and potential customers. This was not possible following the hoary communication process.Task FourHow to improve own or individualist communication skills. later on being enlightened in managing communication we have found out some effective steps that can divine service someone to improve their communication skills and they areProviding a precise oral speech about the assess so that it will clear to the recipient. in any case providing a clear written document about the task, this will sus create verballysor them if they dont understand speech.When an individual has problem understanding the task you can use o indite conversation and non verbal communication, so that he can understandWhen giving a speech about the task it is a necessity that receiving end listens carefullyWhen the individual faces confusion in the speech of task they should ask the manager and clear his confusion at that timeWhen a chemical group work is given by the manager, the groups individuals to be selected should have the communication skill to understand where severally individual stands and how much work they can do.If a problem arises later on the task is given it is better to do informal communication at that stage , as through informal communication they can get rid of their confusion in a time consuming flairTask FiveExisting approaches of entropy assembling, format, storage and dissemination of AmicusAfter gathering information from their managers and directors we have found how Amicus collect their data, how they format it and how they livestock it. The approaches of these stag es are given belowApproaches of data collectionThere are two firsts that Amicus uses for collecting data and they are the primary cums such as field visit, face to face meeting, via telephone, e-mail and etcetera the other source they use is secondary sources for example newspaper, brochures, annual report, government data and etc.Approaches for data data format, storage, security system and back upAfter the collection of data from primary and secondary sources they format their data in a a couple of(prenominal) ways. If they get a written data they have to scan it first in localize to format it into banter stick and after that the word filing cabinets soft copy is kept in their data processors such as desktops and laptops. When they receive the datas soft copy they collect it via pen suit or memory stick and save it in the military position computer for further use. If they need to ignore any sort of data they edit through the uphold of MS word or Adobe. When forma t quantative data Amicus uses MS excel and make a rotate sheet. After formatting all the data they store it in the files of their computers as well as in log books and for their data security of mystical datas they use password so that only classified ad psyche can take a look but for their livelihood they right store it in their computer.All these formatted data are shared out internally in the organization through the help of local state network (LAN).Task SixWhat our team has found out that the process Amicus follows for the collection of data, formatting and storing is good compared to their industry but their back up and security is very poor ,so here is an improvised process for back up and security given below.Approaches of data collectionThere are two sources that Amicus uses for collecting data and they are the primary sources such as field visit, face to face meeting, via telephone, e-mail and etc. the other source they use is secondary sources for example newspape r, brochures, annual report, government data and etcApproaches of data formatting and data storageAfter the collection of data from primary and secondary sources they format their data in a few ways. If they get a written data they have to scan it first in order to format it into word file and after that the word files soft copy is kept in their computers such as desktops and laptops. When they receive the datas soft copy they collect it via pen drive or memory stick and save it in the smear computer for further use. If they need to edit any sort of data they edit through the help of MS word or Adobe. When formatting quantative data Amicus uses MS excel and make a spread sheet. After formatting all the data they store it in the files of their computers as well as in log books and for their data security of confidential datas they use password so that only classified soulfulness can take a look and for their back up and security they can use the virtual networking system such as b lur computer science Service by IBM.Task SevenAs we can see from the first existing process of data collection, formatting, storage, security and back up that their security and back up was poor for which an improvised process was made which was quite similar but was appropriately improvised in the security and back up stages.Existing processAfter the collection of data from primary and secondary sources, such as field visit, face to face, brochures and newspaper they format their data in a few ways. If they get a written data they have to scan it first in order to format it into word file and after that the word files soft copy is kept in their computers such as desktops and laptops. When they receive the datas soft copy they collect it via pen drive or memory stick and save it in the office computer for further use. If they need to edit any sort of data they edit through the help of MS word or Adobe. When formatting quantative data Amicus uses MS excel and make a spread sheet. Af ter formatting all the data they store it in the files of their computers as well as in log books and for their data security of confidential datas they use password so that only classified person can take a look but for their backup they just store it in their computer.Improvised processAfter the collection of data from primary and secondary sources, such as field visit, face to face, brochures and newspaper they format their data in a few ways. If they get a written data they have to scan it first in order to format it into word file and after that the word files soft copy is kept in their computers such as desktops and laptops. When they receive the datas soft copy they collect it via pen drive or memory stick and save it in the office computer for further use. If they need to edit any sort of data they edit through the help of MS word or Adobe. When formatting quantative data Amicus uses MS excel and make a spread sheet. After formatting all the data they store it in the files o f their computers as well as in log books and for their data security of confidential datas they use password so that only classified person can take a look and for their back up and security they can use the virtual networking system such as defile Computing Service by IBM.As we can see that both process is quite similar but in the improvised process for back up and security Amicus uses the virtual networking system such as Cloud Computing Service by IBM for they will get high security and back up for example that computer through which Amicus shares their data with the help of LAN has the possibility to crash which will make them loose all their data but if they use the virtual networking system such as Cloud Computing Service by IBM their data will inhabit safe in the virtual data base of IBM which can only accessed by the authority of Amicus. To keep confidential datas classified they also use it as it is highly secured.EvidenceReferenceAmicus Properties (2013). roughly Us.Av ailable http//www.amicus.com.bd/amicus/index.phpLast accessed 09th March 2014.

Globalizations effect on the Indian Economy

globalisations effect on the Indian Economyglobalization has been a historical process with ebbs and flows. Growth of globalization was of importly take by the technological forces in the fields of transport and communication. There were less barriers to flow of trade and people across the geographical boundaries. Indeed thither were no passports and visa requirements and very few non-tariff barriers and restrictions on fund flows.India besides is no exception to globalization. The Indian Economy witnessed major changes in the 90s.The main aim was the rapid growth of Indian delivery to make it globally competitive. The Indian scrimping was in major crisis in 1991 when extraneous property reserves went down to $1 billion inflation was as in high spirits as 17%. payable to globalization, in Indian economy it preserve not only to agricultural yield but also usance opportunities in the rural parts, inequality between urban rural aras. globalization is conceived as a powerf ul transformative force responsible for a large shake-out of nations, economies, international institutions the whole world order. Thus, we depose say that the higher the level of international corporations/transactions, the higher will be economic growth, income level alive standards the globalization process would bring. Globalisation has brought some(prenominal) jobs large sums of investment to India. Indias economy has been growing at exceptional rates for the past several age many new opportunities shake off opened up for India. Yet, India does remain kinda poor. Most of those who profit from globalization in India atomic cast 18 the upper classes, with many in the lower classes being dis g everywherenment agencyd suffering from miserable labor conditions. globalisation has created a large economic boom for India with largely positive effects. At the present, we can also say about the tale of 2 Indians. We run through the best of times we birth the worst of ti mes. globalization of financial markets has cold outpaced the integration of product markets. There is sparkling prosperity, there is stinking impoverishment. We have dazzling five star hotels side by side with darken ill-starred hovels. We have everything by globalization, we have noting by globalization.There ar numerous advantages in the shift to a global economy including the opening night to accession benefits from economies of scale. The breaking down of global barriers allows companies to benefit from the largest cheapest workforces, raw material, technology. callable to globalization, in many areas of the country tomato growers, potato growers fruit growers, farmers benefited from wharf collaborations with ketchup, potato chips, fruit juices etc. Fishermen in Kerala have increased their incomes development mobile phones to find out the best markets where the prices are highest on severally day. Lock outs strikes have declensiond to insignificantly low levels b ecause industrial labor is happy. Due to Globalization the business market in the world has no boundaries they can market their products in any part of the world. This has involved the chances of laying give on global market technologies, which would definitely increase our qualities of living standards. Globalization helps Indian Entrepreneur to know more about the competitors, recent trends, attribute of products. Helps in sourcing new technology for improving their Brand Quality. Hiring competent somebody irrespective of the nationality. Good exposure of Indian brands to overseas market. Due to increase in healthy competition with different brands, Indian brands will be forced to improve their quality and services to the customer. It aims at increasing the production of nourishment and improvements of the economic and social condition of farmers. It would increase efficiency of the workers. habituate of seeds and heavy machines has help to increase agricultural productivity . It would improve animal husbandries would be able to import good breed of animals from the other countries. Farmers will draw off the privilege of the international market through merchandise agricultural products.The versatile beneficial effects of globalization in Indian Industry are that it brought in huge amounts of foreign investments into the industry e peculiar(a)ly in the BPO, pharmaceutical, petroleum, and manufacturing industries. As huge amounts of foreign direct investments were coming to the Indian Industry, they boosted the Indian economy quite significantly. The benefits of the effects of globalization in the Indian Industry are that many foreign companies set up industries in India, especially in the pharmaceutical, BPO, petroleum, manufacturing, and chemical sectors and this helped to provide handicraft to many people in the country. This helped void the level of unemployment and poverty in the country. Also the benefit of the Effects of Globalization on Indi an Industry are that the foreign companies brought in passing advanced technology with them and this helped to make the Indian Industry more technologically advanced. Since 1991, India has witnessed an explosion of new media. Between 1990 and 1999, access to television grew from 10% of the urban population to 75% of the urban population. Cable television and foreign movies became astray available for the first time.1) Indian Agriculture Indian farmers are offered no subsidiaries compared to the US Farmers. There has been no encouragement from the organisation to ensure foreign companies to set up technologies for the farmers assistance. The US Farmers has opened the market for textile chinaware has already set up factories started production where in India hasnt woken up. On the other side of the medal, there is along list of the worst of the time, the foremost happening being the land sector. Agriculture has been still remains the backbone of the Indian economy. It plays a vital role not only in providing food nutrition to the people, but also in the supply of raw materials to industries to export trade. The financial capital of India the political of India are set to become the top(prenominal) slum cities of the world.2) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Growth rate The Indian economy is passing through a difficult phase caused by several unfavorable domestic external developments, Domestic O/P DD conditions were adversely affected by poor performance in agriculture in the post two years. The rate of growth of GDP of India has been on the increase from 5.6% to 7% in the 1993-2001 periods. The sectors attracting highest FDI inflows are electrical equipments including Computer packet electronics (18 %), service sector (13%), telecommunication (10%), transportation industry (9%) etc.3) exporting Import Indias export import is increasing many Indian companies have started becoming respectable players in international scenes. There are two alternat ive causes available. To sell its product in the export market. To produce those eccentric person of commodities that the rich in India could consume i.e. luxury consumption goods.4) Technologies IT is given special status. The reason for this is because the Indian government wants to promote it-s nation a as a technological advanced nation and in order to do this they must stimulate the IT sector. The special status- means the sector and investors (willing to invest in the sector) will receive many benefits and incentives from the government to do so.5) Poverty The government of India has shown decline in people living in absolute poverty by manipulating statistics. The decline happened when large number of industrial units has been closed down, number of days of work available to workers has declined, downsizing of manpower had taken place in most of the industrial undertakings and non-availability of jobs to the new entrant in employment market is witnessed. Besides, there is an all round decline of prices of agricultural products, forcing farmers to suicide. In sectors like plantation and tea, workers are virtually starving. It is just not assertable that people living in absolute poverty can decline in the country under these circumstances.6) Education The growth of higher statement and the impact of the global economies have influenced the Indian education system over the last few years.

An Analysis of Beyond Parental Control (BPC)

An Analysis of Beyond P bental visit (BPC)oer the years, p bents seeking Beyond P arntal Control (BPC) beau monde from the Juvenile solicit has join ond drastically, in particular during sparing downturns. When capital of Singapore was gripped by an economic receding from 2008 2009, the number of applications for BPC increased. 744 applications were filed last year, comp atomic number 18d to 720 in 2008 and 673 in 2007 (Eisen, 2009). In whatso ever case, it is meritorious to none that the perennial issue has seen an increased in creaky girls forcing parents to apply for BPC and handing all over to the court to take witness of their daughters. This essay exit attempt to argue the background of BPC and critically analyse the issues faced by the parents and y revealh. The second part of the essay entrust define the germane(predicate) theories which leave al one and except(a) be applicable to the issue and relate examples to bring forward illustrate the theories . Thirdly, media raise and their mathematical function of reporting the juvenile crimes oddly on the problematic girls will withal be discussed upon. Last solely not least, passports on the substance forward for juvenile crimes and pr fifty-fiftytion methods will be deliberated.Background and Trending of BPCIn light of the increasing juvenile crimes over the years, the Beyond produceal Control order was instituted in 1997 and Singapore is the tho country in the world which instituted such(prenominal)(prenominal) an order to deal with juvenile willful neglect (Balhetchet, 2010). tally to Ministry of friendship Development offspring and Sports (MCYS, 2010), Children Beyond Parental Control refer to nipperren on a lower floor 16 years of age who is notice to display trustworthy behavioral problems in initiate or at theatre. The ga thered statistics proved to be alarming as the number of BPCs utilize by parents or shielders has tripled over the last decade. In Febr uary 1999, one of the Subordinate tap research bulletins (1999) highlighted that an medium of 200 BPC complaints were lodged at the Juvenile Court annually. However, in comparison, an increasing dash of BPC applications was solemnized for the past 3 years (2009 744, 2008 720, and 2007 673). Moreover, the statistics gathered seems to suggest that an economic downturn surrounded by 2008 to 2009 could pass attributed to the incremental trend. This was also observed during the recession in 2001 when the number of applications for BPC doubled from 244 to 598 cases in the following year (Eisen, 2009 Serene, 2010). gibe to an separate set of statistics from Singapore Police Force, there was an increase of 1.2% in the overall crime rate for the last 2 years (SPF, 2010). elsewhere in United States, while arrests of male juveniles cast increased since 2002, statistics for female person juveniles cast spiked alarmingly. According to US federal statistics in 2003, 25% of the arrested juveniles were females. In comparison to ten years ago, female juveniles exclusively clocked rough 10% of the arrest make by the police (Geoffrey, 2005).Social Demographics of BPC cases unmatched of the researches conducted by Subordinate Courts in 1999 studied on 379 BPC cases. To at a lower placestand the reputation of the complaints filed, the study includes their family and cordial backgrounds and demographic profiles. From the research, 49% of the juveniles parents were married, while a literal figure of the juveniles parents were either divorced (37%), widowed (7%), single parents (3%), separated (3%) or cohabiting (1%). intimately of their parents are low-skilled workers and the second-rate househ obsolete income is less than $2000. The account figures in some way lead to the assumption that more(prenominal) than half of the BPC cases came from low income and broken families. Most of the parents already spend so ofttimes time earning for a nutrition so that the e arned money can be given to their nipperren. As they urinate been working and tend to neglect their tikeren, they run through little cipher remaining to gain their attention and communicate with them (Serene, 2009). However, Dr Carol Balhetchet, director of young Services at the Singapore Childrens parliamentary law feels otherwise. She shared that the generation has evolved and in recent years, approximately of the problematic babyren who face court orders or under warrant arrest by the police come from a eat up fundament (Joan, Chia, He Ong, 2008). Similar to Dr Carols claim, 69% of new probation cases (according to MCYS) in 2006 baffling woebegone youth who come from 2 parent families. Another disturbing data collated from the study by Subordinate Courts revealed that a total of 65% of the BPC cases were perpetrate by girls whereas male only constituted the remaining 35%. Although a recent trending (as of Sep 10) by Youth Services marrow as elaborated by Dr Carol during a face-to-face academic session with her, revealed that BPC cases involving girls has for the most part decreased over the decade (boys 49% and girls 51%), 267 BPC cases (out of 523 cases) involving girls is decidedly of a push not only to parents, but to the society as well (Balhetchet, 2010). The next part of the essay will critically discuss and analyze some of the causal f encounterors and problems faced by parents, the children and the society.Why did it take on and who to blame? unrivaled may ask, why are some of the girls wild and getting into trouble? According to a social worker, the sharp increase of problematic girls could be a result of c shineing attitudes towards bringing up daughters (Roaul, 1997). While parents claimed that they will raise their daughters no other than from their sons, studies by experts have groundn that boys and girls are nurtured differently due to the f bend that by virtue, boys and girls behave differently due to the genetic diff erences (Ames Haber, 1989). Boys are perceived to be active and ofttimes get into trouble, but when their daughters behave similarly, parents gave up and hand them over to the Court. This may breed resentment in the girls and inadvertently cause Parent-Child affinity to be severely strained. Henceforth, the girls may do away from home and skip school (Roaul, 1997). A typical case is that of a 13-year old girl whose parents applied to the Juvenile Court for BPC order when she is account to have skipped school and hang out with men twice her age. She became resentful and stay away from home when she is aware that her parents have handed her to the Court (Radha, 2008). Moreover, girls running away from home are often susceptible to committing a variety of crimes, such as shoplifting, scream, theft and even to the extent of prostitution to survive (McCormack et al., 1986 Phelps, McIntosh, Jesudason, Warner, Pohlkamp, 1982).When a child commits a deviance act, parents tend to ask w hy do you do that? Based on the Control and Social Bond theories, control theorists ruminate that crime and deviancy is a natural occurrence in the society only because all human bes have an innate to commit crime (Jones, 2009). Therefore, when parents motif to deal with their aberrant children, they should explain to them Why you should not do that. Similarly, Hirschi (1969) claimed that there is no requirement to explain why people commit such acts because delinquency is not caused by beliefs that require delinquency but rather, it is only possible by the absence of effective beliefs that forbids delinquency. In essence, child nurturing starts from juvenile and good child rearing practices will definitely facilitate prescribed socialization process within the family and the childs circle of friends. Conversely, bad agnate skills and controvert specifys are contributing factors to deviancy acts committed by their children. Studies have revealed that the quality of parent- child relationships is for the most part associated with some of the high-risk health behaviours such as consumption of alcohol, smoking, dose abuse and sexually risky behaviors. For instance, several large-scale pediatric surveys have discovered that parents who are mountainrs themselves are more likely to have children who smoke (Green et al., 1990). Another research by Berk (1997) has shown that family members behavior and habits, socialization patterns, environmental regulate and a childs inborn personality traits will shape the childs cognitive study and behavior as they grow up. In addition, positive parenting styles with a parallelism of control and warmth are actually beneficial to the childs instruction in which a rational and consultative approach by parents and children rights are inversely agreed and respected (Subordinate Courts, 2001). On the contrary, parents who are only interested in making money and neglect their children unknowingly must bear the righteo usness when their children are recalcitrant and attack aircraft. A study by Ozawa and Loh (2000) analyze that most get under ones skins of the juvenile offenders appear to be uninvolved, neglecting and bailable towards their child. Generally, fathers, being the bread winners of the family are often not involved in their childs growth and reading. The treatment for grammatical gender differences is that fathers tend to exert more authority on boys whereas for girls, fathers are ordinarily more permissive and leave it to their mother to handle. As for mothers, they are generally observed to be permissive. Although mothers tend to be more caring and loving, their permissive attitudes could ultimately lead to teen delinquency because they may not be exercising control over their children and thus indirectly allowing them to continue with their misbehavior. From the abridgment do by Ozawa and Loh, it appears that a deadly combi republic (which is common in the society) of permissi ve-neglecting and uninvolved father, matching with a permissive mother is a radiation diagram for disaster to happen at home. What we can hypothesize is that low control of children especially female juveniles can potentially lead to delinquency.Behavioral Problems of YouthsNevertheless, look at another perspective, the parents may not be entirely at fault because the children could be influenced by the environment. According to the Anomie and Strain speculation, Merton (1997) expound the materialistic dream of being successful and pixilated. Not everyone is entitled and have the opportunity to achieve the goal. Hence, this dissonance between the goal of being wealthy and the structural limitations that prevent people from achieving the goal causes strain within the community. such strain will therefore cause people to commit deviant acts illegitimately to achieve such desires. As the cognitive development of a juvenile is still premature at this stage, the thought of committi ng crimes to fulfill certain desires will supersede the moral value that are taught in the school. because to statistics, the top 3 crimes committed by juveniles are shoplifting, theft and rioting (Subordinate Courts, 2004). When they are in need of money, they will resort to stealing, extortion and roughnecking, and prostitution for girls. Typically, a case of a 13-year old girl joined a tintinnabulation and inherited all the bad habits such as smoking, drinking, glue-sniffing, stealing and rioting. When her father applied for Beyond Parental Control and last remanded in Girls Home, she was only 14 year-old (Joan, Chia, He Ong, 2008). too that, more girls, as young as 10, are also experimenting with sex. In 2006, teenagers constituted 12,000 abortions that were done in Singapore. Girls who off to prostitution gave reasons such as financial problems and needed money to corrupt branded goods. For instance, a 15 year-old girl who needed money and sour to prostitution was pregn ant (Carolyn Kimberly, 2009). M any girls have account that sexual growth has somehow makeed their eventual entrance into prostitution (Silbert Pines, 1981). At times, they top executive have been wronged or abused by their parents or shielders as much as they have done wrong. Take it for instance, a girl who had run away from home, was molested by her father before she turned to prostitution. Before she was even 16, she has had slept with countless men and contracted Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) (Serene, 2010). exclusively in the eyes of the justice, having sex with girls below 16 years old can be charged for statutory rape. If found guilty, offenders can be jailed up to 20 years and fined and caned. More parents are natural endowment up on their delinquent daughters than sons and seeking assistant from the Juvenile Court. According to the Research Bulletin from Subordinate Courts (1999), some of the more flagitious delinquent behaviors that were encountered are b eyond control, running away from home, involve in gangs, pickings drugs and unlawful sexual experiences. Other problems such as rude and fierce to teachers, smoking and play truancy in school were also observed in the study.Another aspect of delinquency is the youths moving-picture show to various media such as the mesh. In the current Information and Communication Technology (ICT) era, the child and even the parents are continuously engaged in their I-phones, laptops and net profit. Because of such exposure and freedom to use the internet, Professor Winslow, a psychiatrist said that teenagers take care it a thrill in obtaining and watching pornography on the internet and they are far more sexualized (Shuli, 2008). Besides that, coupled with lack of parents or adult supervision and boredom, things can get complicated when teenagers are leftfield alone. Even when parents are at home, they have little energy left afterwardswardward a long day at work especially when both pare nts are working. Some parents faced the difficulty of gaining their childrens attention, who even if they are physically at home, are preoccupy with their online games, chatting with friends online and surfing the internet. Gone are the days where children and parents share a family phone, television, or even computer (Serene, 2010). Problems and issues between the children and parents begin to escalate when there is a lack of proper parley as well as rough-cut trust and support. The cognitive development of a child is largely dependent on their parents. Juvenile delinquency is often traced back to the youths family and social life. Other than trust and support, parents must show that they are piercing to engage in their children. Such care and concern from parents would definitely change their children to open up and share their woes and problems (Jonathan, 2010).Besides medias influence on juvenile, cyber bullying among girls is another worrying trend, abetted by the constant employ of the Internet and mobile phones today. Victims are exploited and bullied by unknown culprits hide behind the computer screens. For example, on the blogs, victims are abused using expletives and abominable messages, pictures are vandalized and vicious rumours about the victims are broadcasted and made known to everyone. Studies made by Janssen, Craig, Boyce and Pickett (2004) proved that these groups of people are often victimized. In addition, children who are labeled as having lower levels of social acceptance and higher levels of social rejection among their peers are often found to be victims of bullies as well. (Salmivalli, Lagerspetz, Bjorkqvist, Osterman, Kaukiainen, 1996). As the internet is easily available and as simple as one click, the bully does not need to face the victim and their doings can dissipate like wildfire (Joan, Chia, He Ong, 2008). However, cyber-bullying does not constitute to be a crime. Where cyber-bullying could be serious and consequentia l, it may be relevant and assume for the law to graduation in to impose penalties on bullies. Under the Penal code, the only law that can be associated is Non-Physical deports under Section 13b of Cap 224 where offenders display any writing, sign or other visible representation which is threatening, abusive or insulting may be fined not exceeding $2000 (Singapore Statutes). Likewise for other countries like Australia, under the NSW Crimes strike, harassing or intimidating a school student while the student is at school is considered a unlawful umbrage. except this offence has its limits as it can only be applied to handed-down off-line bullying and activities happening in school (Abrahams Dunn, 2009). Although laws are institutionalized, but such laws do not bring charges to cyber-bullies. That is why victims have been reported to retaliate against the bullies, in horrifying ways elsewhere (Boulton, 1993). In one of the reports by United States Secret Service cited by Dake , Price, and Telljohann (2003), students who were involved in those deadly shooting in United States cited bulling as one of the difficult motivation factors to commit such crimes. The report highlighted that 25 out of the 37 school shootings examined, involved attackers who felt marginalized, bullied and persecuted before the attacks took place. Some even reported that such bullying and harassment had in fact been ongoing for for a while (Dake et al., 2003 Mayer, Ybarra, Fogliatti, 2001). On the other extreme, there were cases reported that children committed suicide after being bullied by classmates. In fact, numerous cases of such incidents have been reported in the media (Kumpulainen et al., 1998 Smith, Talamelli, Cowie, Naylor, Cauhan, 2004).Medias Influence and Portrayal of CrimesEven in Singapore, a newspaper reported a 16-year old girl who committed suicide after being bullied by classmates for several years (The New Paper, 26 family line 2005). Sometimes, one may wond er why such incidents were not spy by the schools especially by the teachers. Had this incident be spotted by the teachers timely, it could have been prevented. In such incidents, the medias portrayal of crime transmits a untouchable signal to the cosmos and at times, may have amplified the deviance. Such messages are crucial to serve as a warning for schools or parents to observe their children if there are certain tell-tale signs that indicate their children have encountered bullying cases. However, medias gain of a execrable or deviance acts may result in moral panic and warrant greater scrutiny by the relevant authorities. The generation of moral panic will instill fear and general outcry within the community. For example, the recent incident of a teen who was hacked to cobblers last by 4 youths at Pair Ris Downtown East, amplified the criminal act (Straits Time reported the incident 5 days in a row in the headlines) and cause public outcry on such incidents (The Straits T ime, 31 Oct 4 Nov 10). This would have an effect on the resolve as they cannot ignore public thought and hence might be influenced when passing the sentence (Jones, 2008) in view of media or public pressure. Studies from Leslie (1964) and Stan (1972) have shown that media is seen as an agent of deviance amplification and has the capability of influencing the publics opinion. In fact, the media does not have a role in the criminal justice carcass and they are supposed to only disseminate to the public about certain crimes and the governments official response to such crime. The media often uses phrases like the public is scare by or the public demands that. Ironically, the editors or journalists do not have a direct line to the publics opinion and they are seen to be the creators of opinion and not reflecting the right message. An interview with a few people from the public does not necessarily represent the opinions from the entire population or the nation (Jones, 2008).Punishm ent and Treatment of Youths Beyond Parental ControlAs highlighted previously, Singapore is the only country that has instituted BPC order in Juvenile Courts. Essentially, these children are uncomplete criminals nor offenders, but their rebellious and uncontrollable behavior may warrant serious attention by parents in which they apply to the Court for assistance to take away their children. By doing so may adversely strain or strickle the parent-child relationship if such complaint made to the Court is successful. When the parents or guardian of a child can prove to a Juvenile Court that they are unable to control the child, the Court judge, under the Children and Young Persons Act Cap 38 Section 49, may order the child to be (1) remanded to an approved home not more than 3 years or (2) placed on Statutory Supervision for a specified period, of up to 3 years, under the supervision of a social worker (Subordinate Courts, 1999). Punishments meted out by such schema are usually acte d as a form of deterrence to juvenile from committing wrong doings and may eventually commit more serious crime when they grow up. Therefore, this kind of system is more inclined towards a classical approach as this theory is very policy oriented and concentrates on establishing and operating a criminal justice system that is rule-based, consistent and predictable (Joyce, 2006). End of the day, classicism revolve about on the act rather than the person committing. Unlike a criminal justice system where criminals are punished for their wrong doings, BPC act is not classified as a crime. As such, classical and positive approaches are usually applied to such acts. During the process of the BPC application (which is seen to be positivist approach), parents and child will be advised to seek further assistance and treatment in the school or other social work such as Family Service Centre, Community Development Council, religious institutions and Youth Service Centre. Besides that, the child can also be referred to Beaconworks (a 6-month structured program) for counseling program. In addition, the Juvenile Court Judge has the prerogative to aim both the parents and the child for additional counseling program with Singapore Children conjunction for a 4-week program (BPC, 2009). Rather than focusing on the law and the offence committed, the positivist approach (during the BPC application) looks into the contributing factors leading to deviance act committed by juvenile. It emboldens treatment and rehabilitation over punishments (Jones, 2008). Ultimately, a deviance act may not be a product of rational natural selection but, rather, due to factors such as prematurity, influence from parents and peers over which juveniles have no control in. As youths who are still undergoing the process of growing up and maturity, the BPC order, which perceived to has a combination of punishment and treatment approach is appropriate and will therefore reduce overemphasis on rati onality and idealistic, and yet do not overly concentrating on healing and treating the juvenile when the need arises. For example, when the child do not learnt the lesson and continue her delinquent act despite efforts made to treat her, the Juvenile Court will order her to be remanded in an approved Girls Home. Certainly, to prevent juvenile from leading astray and eventually being convicted, prevention measures must be implemented to arrest such situations from further developing.Recommendations and PreventionsProblems and heated argument arise when there is a lack of intercourse and mutual support between youths and their parents. The development of a child is very much dependant on whether both the parents and the child have mutual understanding and support. When Juvenile delinquency is traced back, it is often the actions of the parents that ultimately will affect how the child behaves (Jonathan, 2010). If a child has established a positive relationship with the parents, it i s postulated that they are more likely to disclose information to parents (Trost, 2000). Therefore in order to do so, parents must constantly show that they are keen in the childs interests. In essence, parents who are warm and supportive in interactions with their children are more likely to establish a positive parent-child relationship. In addition, it is also noted in one of the studies conducted by Steven and Daniel (1998) where greater parental social function will improve the childs academic performance in school.To put myself in a position of the role of parents, we should play an active role and constantly involved in our childs education, consistently demonstrating good parenting skills, interested in the childs development and show love, tender and care to their children. Furthermore, education, socialization and transmission of good values to the child should take place within the family environment. Values such as filial piety, respect, honesty, responsibility, contrib uting to the society, are critical building blocks that parents must advocate to their child (Zaleha, 2005). Nevertheless, youths cannot be strapped and controlled by parents all the time. Excessive control of their child might result in counterproductive and could lead to recalcitrant and belligerent behavior. Sometimes heavy-handed methods may not work for stubborn and conceptive headed youths. Therefore, parents should explore other methods and avoid using authoritarian style to deal with their child. Sometimes, treating youths as adults may be useful and they are given adapted time and space to ponder the consequences of their actions (Ng, 2010). While parents play an imperative role in child nurturing, many are still being blamed for being incompetence in handling parenting challenges of this era. Increasingly, parents are facing difficulties internal issues such as stabilizing their marriage, generating sufficient incomes for the families, taking care of their children and at the same time educating and nurturing them (Zaleha, 2005). However, such issues should never be part of parents excuses to ravisher out their parental responsibility to others such as appointing a guardian for their child, grandparents or even to the government. According to Dr Carol, too many parents are seen to prove out their parental responsibility to the State. In 2007, out of the 676 parents who applied for BPC orders, only 44 parents agreed to join the Beaconworks counseling program. Most parents cited reasons such as work commitments and since the counseling program is targeted for their child, they see no reason attending. One of the suggestions would be mandate parents to attend such counseling programs together with their children because parents may not realize that they also require professional help. In order for a mandatory counseling program to be effected, the Children and Young Persons Act (CYPA) is recommended to be reviewed and amended to exert tighter rein on parents. Another recommendation would be bossy fine on parents if they fail to fulfill their parental responsibility. In UK, parents of delinquent children are fined up to 1,000 (S$2,670) if they fail to improve their childrens behavior. catamenia in CYPA, parents may be fined if they fail to comply with any court order pertaining to BCP cases. Perhaps the Juvenile Court can look into imposing such orders into the CYPA to deter frivolous and irresponsible parents (Radha, 2008).ConclusionIn summary, ever since BPC order was introduced in 1997 to curb juvenile delinquency, the number of applicants for BCP cases has increased drastically, from an average of 200 complaints in the 90s, to an average of 700 cases over the last 3 years. However, it is worthy to note that although number of BPC applicants has increased, the number of BPC cases awarded by the Juvenile Court has lordotic dramatically in the recent years. According to Dr Carol, more than 50% of the BPC applications were dismiss due to lack of concrete evidence to proof that the child is beyond parental control. In most cases, the child could return to normalcy after counseling sessions are conducted. While it is unclear that the statistics gathered can adequate to the effectiveness of BPC order, the uniqueness of BPC order in Singapore does help and enable juveniles to build self-confidence, self-esteem, positive outlook and instill sense of social responsibility. Besides that, counseling and training programs for parents and youths such as Parent Management Training, Parent Support Group, Youth Mentorship Support Program, Beaconworks Program and etc were introduced by the Singapore Children Society to assist parents and youths in terms of counseling, psychological or psychiatric consultations and more importantly, to harmonize the parent-child relationship that might be strained previously.

Developing Innovation at Nokia

Developing Innovation at NokiaAbstractThis paper qualitys into the current situation at Nokia, a keep fraternity that deals in the growthion of erratic guesss as wholesome as mobile softw be that are int hold backed to run on. The current swear outforce at the smart make up ones mind has been facing the challenge of lack of inception in and requires a diagnosis and recommendation of the problem that the ac family is facing. The lack of base in the current humankind situation is detrimental to the company since it requires modern employees so as to fancy that it is in line with technological advancement in the world today. As the world is moving forward and making major(ip) technological advancements companies corresponding Nokia need to be modernistic so as to stay ahead of the pack. The lack of figure will lead to early(a) companies winning up a greater deal of the mobile phone industry meaning that Nokia will lose a lot in terms of capital and investment. Th is paper looks at the problem at Nokia, the contingent causes of the problem and as well suggests recommendations on how to deal with the problem of lack of innovation at the company.IntroductionInnovation in a dieing unit of employees posterior be defined as the act of starting something invigorated for the first time, it is the act of coming up with a harvest-festival that the world has never seen before or coming up with a product that easily solves the problems that the world is facing. Nokia needs to innovate and seed up with a product or a series of products that have yet to be implemented by any of its competing arrangings. Creation of a upstart product may be as a result from a study, experiment or even current problems that are facing the world. Innovation can be said to be the brain child of creativity of the company and its employees. In order to have innovation in the company appropriate want of employees is needed so as to be equal to uphold proper innovat ion in its employees. The companys employees moldinessiness have a neat guideline and understanding of what innovation is and what it entails and what constitutes innovation. The company and its employees moldiness first waken the benefits that come with innovation. These are discussed belowBenefits of promoting innovation at the go bad markPromoting innovation in the group has great benefits for the police squad up of employees as wellhead as the company. Promoting innovation annexs curiosity in the companys police squad up of employees since it expands their thinking capabilities and lets them think outside the box. Innovation nurtures a character of wanting to know much so as to solve a problem. This is critical because curiosity leads to the group laborious out and playing around with new ideas and concepts, this contributes highly to the nurture process. Promoting innovation leads to change magnituded productivity of the team up up. This can be through inco ntr overtible competition within the team. Promoting innovation leads to the team create and cohesiveness. The team acts as a single unit in order to meet the goals of innovation that have been watch. Promoting innovation will increased employee motivation and morale. Promoting innovation encourages the team with passion in undertaking their t invites. Innovation leads to the team having more plaudit some other than criticism and these increases and boosts the teams spirit when facing a problem. (Rafinejad D. 2007)Promoting innovation in a team likewise has great benefits on not only when the team members but also to Nokia as a whole. Nokia benefits greatly by being the first arranging to take a product or service to the commercialize before any of their competitors. Innovation gives Nokia an edge over its competition. By being the first governing body to take a new product or service to the market Nokia gains a large market share. Due to having a large market share and in creased team productivity Nokia benefits by the increase of profit margins. This in turn increases the share price of Nokia. Innovation also leads to increase in shareholder dividends ascrib competent to the increased profit margins of the company. Innovation will increase the overall ware of Nokia by having a highly motivated team. (Prather. C. 2001)Problems that lead to lack of innovation at NokiaThe lack of innovation is a dynamic constraint that involves the company. So as to solve the menace it would be essential to first ask ourselves the question where does the problem lie? The company and its employees mustiness understand the underlie problems that are leading to lack of innovation.Employees at Nokia also lack motivation and morale to develop any new products. Motivation is described as the mental push or pull that stimulates the companys workers towards a certain desire action that will lead towards the achievement of innovation goals. Employee en thenceiasm outrig ht cloaks an employees work input and output of an employee. Innovation requires a lot of employee ride and Nokia is facing the challenge of ensuring that it constantly motivates its employees so as to digest the company to operate at optimum efficiency. As discussed innovation is a like a shot effect of work output and input and it is greatly influenced and affected by motivation. Especially in the kind of volatile global market that companies like Nokia are dealing with. It is important for the employees to be well motivated so as to make sure they are modernistic. Nokia needs also to look at building a team that works because it is important for employees to work unneurotic so as to ensure that they are innovative as well as productive.The recent financial meltdown that the world has brought around an increase in the prices of materials and production of new products, the company lacks enough finances so as to promote and nurture innovative ideas at the work place. The pri ces of energy, imaginativenesss and labour have all shot up and the company is having problems trying to produce any new products in the market. The company is facing a very hard time trying to produce goods for its market in the United States let alone the global market. The company is on the receiving end of unfair competition from other mobile phone manufacturers for example Samsung who are operating in China which disco biscuits better market conditions as well as reduced cost of production. Without enough funds the company cannot come up with any innovative products for the current market since Nokia would be agonistic to make the cost of their product so high that customers would opt for other brands.RecommendationsHow to foster innovation in employeesIn an effort by the company to promote innovation Nokia could adopt a few strategies which encourage the team members to be as innovative as possible. The company needs to set up a team that will champion innovation in the go vernment activity. The team should lead the way for other employees. So as to increase innovation Nokia must first select the suitcapable employee team to rigging the problems at the organization. The team member should be selected and employed in a free and fair manner and it should only contain people who are qualified in the particular field that Nokia is dealing in. the team selected must include young and energetic people who are willing to key fresh ideas and who are willing to take essays as well as being ready to first away from the norm products that Nokia produces. The organization must select a competent team. It must ensure that employee dynamics in the team selected are good so as to increase the productivity of Nokia. The most important part of an organization is its employees. The employees should work together towards a goal.Employee diversity is a major setback to employees working together. Therefore Nokia should be able to harmonize all its employees so as to be able to achieve its goals. Employee relation intercession would be very important when on that point are many conflicts at the work place, when there is a recruitment of new employees and low employee morale.How to ensure the team works togetherEmployee formulationNokia could choose to hire a professional to train employees in the organization on the benefits. Employees could be trained on the importance of working together with their fellow employees.Mentorship protrudes and futuristic leadershipNokias top leadership for example, the board of directors should offer the required mentorship to the organizations employees. The management should also be responsible for leading the companys workers towards brush its goals and objectives. The company should also talk to the workers as a group and as a unit that requires working together. Nokia should resolve all conflicts that exist in the midst of the employees. Nokia must encourage apply dialog as well as an open channel for communicating between workers. Nokia should encourage team building and offer incentives for teams that have good performance.Nokia should then come up with an climb up to innovate its team members. From time to time Nokia should reflect upon its approach so as to ensure that Nokia has in place proper measures and strategies that are in tune with Nokias morals, plans and objectives of Nokia. Nokia should then inform the whole team of the strategies and motivate the team to come up with new ideas for a new product or service (Konstadakopulos, 2001). Nokia should adopt a strategy of free flow of ideas within the team whereby the team members should be free to exchange information and ideas for the procession of Nokia. Nokia should come up with an award scheme for some of the most innovative ideas. Awards could be in the form of salary bonuses to the team or team member who came up with the most innovative idea. Nokia must also ensure that the owner of an implemented idea get recogni tion for their work do (Konstadakopulos, 2001).Nokia must also be able to avail enough funds, resource and time so as to facilitate the research, design, testing and implementation of the innovative ideas. Nokia must encourage team member not to give up and take chances with ideas. Nokia should encourage the team to learn from its mistakes in the past. In as much as the team should be able to take risks Nokia must be able to teach the team how to pick between the risks and the benefits of taking the risk. To be able to differentiate the two should be well explained to the team members. Finally Nokia should have a perfect action plan so as to be able to implement the strategies that have been discussed above. Without the action plan the strategies discussed above will have no beneficial use to the organization (Konstadakopulos, 2001).The team selected by the organization should be able to anticipate approaching trends. Innovation is all about being the future. Nokia must be able to cater for research in future trends by collecting data from consumers and opinion polls. Nokia must be able to come up with virtual(a) and realistic ways for the team to overcome the problem facing Nokia. The organization must provide an environment that encourages and supports the team to do its best, to the best of its faculty (William, 1989). Nokia must desist from internal or external interference of the teams work and should encourage the team to make its own independent decisions without having external pressures this could affect innovation. In as much as Nokia does not interfere in the teams work Nokia should continuously challenge the team to come up with innovative ideas and alternative ways of solving a problem.In an effort to maximise on innovation and profits Nokia must be ready to branch out and invest in emerging markets. It should promote innovation by encouraging the team to find new opportunities and concepts. group members should be promote to be curious and experimental since its only by taking risk that they could learn. The policy of free flow of information should be implemented for the team so as to increase and boost the team building effort. Team building could also be enforced by, as discussed above, financial incentives to the team for having innovative ideas. Incentives will constantly challenge the team to be better. They also boost the teams spirit, morale and enthusiasm towards their work. These incentives could include pay rises, bonus pays and mull promotions (Rajat, 2009).How to control employee motivation and performanceNokia can use incentives and gifts to motivate employees into. Nokia should envision a system which offers employees financial incentives which are pegged on the profits that the company makes from any innovative. This will increase work input and output. This will in turn increase the companys profits. The employees participating in the scheme directly affect the companys profits. Nokia must ensure t hat the scheme motivates the selected employees to be more productive (Konstadakopulos, 2001). The goals and ambitions must be realistic and attainable. Nokia must spell out goals that can be achieved. It would be best if the goals were based on the history of the company. If the goals are set too high it would demoralize the employees.Nokia should provide a suitable temper for the suppuration of employee careers. Promotions should be given on the basis of merit not on the basis of years of service. This will enhance career development for hardworking employees. It will also act as a actuate factor. Nokia must also plan for leadership and management. Only qualified employees should be promoted to leadership and management positions. This will ensure that Nokia has competent leadership and thus increase the companys productivity. It is important to increase employee performance so as to increase the overall performance of Nokia. Nokias goals offer the reference to performance. Nok ia should clearly state its objectives and the make out to the goals must be monitored regularly. Nokia should have a feedback system that tells the employees hoe block or how far they are from Nokias objectives. So as to be able to meet this objectives employee performance is critical.The first step to performance management is the recital of Nokias performance goals. Nokia must have clearly stated and defined goals. The employees should be made aware of these goals. The next step would be coming up with a performance plan. The company must routinely monitor and trend this plan. Nokia should evaluate performance and reward where due. The performance plans of Nokia should be open to development. They should allow for improvement.ConclusionSo as to be able to achieve an organizations goals and objectives its important for Nokia to embrace effective intercession. Organization development intercessions are aimed at increase the performance and output of Nokia. So as to be successfu l organization development intercessions should affect the whole organization and should go down to soul level. The intercessions should be sponsored by the head of the company and should be supported by Nokias staff. Intercessions that should be implemented in this case should involve respect for employees and the administration, having a working administration in Nokia, having trust and open channels of communication between the administration and the employees. The intercessions must be able to support open confrontation of problems that are facing Nokia. Major stakeholders in Nokia must also participate actively in the intercessions. This will somehow give the intercessions a bit of weight and seriousness.

Factors That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay

Factors That Influence kinsperson And Individual fodder Consumption Economics EssayThis paper identifies the factors that captivate the folk and individual nourishment for thought pulmonary tuberculosis. Since nutrient is the most important fictional charactericular proposition of the habit basket, an analysis of the changes in food function warning over snip has a superfluous signifi dischargece which is the most important factor for starting time and middle income groups. Food usance pattern is an excellent index finger of economic well existence of people. Economic Development is not tot wholey brings about significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural life of a habitant commonaltywealth precisely it also influences the takes of victuals in the long run. India, a quick developing and agrarian sovereign economy has been bringing some another(prenominal) changes in the socio economic life of her commonwealth since independence.Keyword -Ex penditure, Consumption Patterns, Food Consumption and abode Consumer Expenditure, Factors affecting food consumption pattern.IntroductionThe analysis of ever-changing food consumption pattern over time would help in scheming appropriate policies cogitate to food production and distribution .Increasing number of on the job(p) women, sharpen in per capita income, changing lifestyles and increase level of affluence in the middle income group pass on also brought about changes in food habits. Rapid urbanization and sociological changes handle the desire on the part of the housewives to spend less time in kitchen, the increased value for leisure, alter of family ties, increased impact of television and its advertisement as well as changing life styles of the families, take aim brought about the changes in food consumption pattern. Since food is the most important item of the consumption basket, an analysis of the changes in food consumption pattern over time has a special signif icance which is the most important comp adeptnt for low and middle income groups. Food phthisis pattern is an excellent indicator of economic well being of people. If the connection is wealthy proportionately game expending will be make on secondary necessities, comfort, luxury products and conspicuous consumption. On the other, if the society is at subsistence level, people will spend proportionately more on food. Engels law also states that the poorer the family, the greater is the proportion of its total income devoted to grooming of food.Economic Development is not only brings about significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural life of a habitant population but it also influences the levels of living in the long run. India, a rapid developing and agrarian dominant economy has been bringing many changes in the socio economic life of her population since independence. Due to variations in natural re ancestrys endowments physical and climatic conditions economic facto rs like income, prices and the extent of magnetization demographic factors like menage size and mark of urbanization and cultural factors atomic number 18 credibly to influence consumption phthisis pattern. Such diverse socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors are reflected in the variation in the distribution of consumption expending as it is revealed by the field sample persuasion organization data on consumption expenditure in India.Food consumption has been a subject of research all over the realism. It is especially meaningful in developing countries where food expenditure accounts for a relatively large share of kinsfolk income. Studies on food consumption shed light on food related nutritionary policies. They provide estimates of how food consumption is affected by change in prices, income and taxation policies ( Dune and Edkins 2005)The studies on food consumption pattern or expenditure pattern are very important as it is related to poverty and standard of our society. Food being the foremost basic indispensableness write downs the antecedence in the expenditure of people, especially the poor screenes. It is necessary to conceive the change in food consumption pattern under the changing situation of liberalization, privatization and globalization.After liberalization began in 1991, though much(prenominal) assist has been paid to the reduction in head count ratio, less priority pick up been accorded to the magnitude and pattern of food consumption. Ray and Lancaster (2005) have lately shown that the link had weakened to the extent that the official poverty line in India today is quite out of step with that based on the household minimum calorie requirements. This necessitates an analysis on the magnitude and trend in food consumption, especially cereals, over the reform period in India, in view of their strong implications for food and nutrition securities. This study provides evidence on the magnitude and patterns in food c onsumption status of both cracker-barrel and urban population.There is a strong indication that rise in the levels of living index not have been distributed well and certain pockets of the states might have remained impoverished in spite of their overall growth. While studies split on the consumption expenditure among agrarian and urban households for various expenditure classes at macro level, very few studies have been done at micro level to explain the hobnailed urban differences in the consumption pattern.Per capita income and food consumption both are the indicators of human development but food consumption is a better indicator of human welfare. Indias immediate economic growth over 1990s has raised per capita income (expenditure) and has significantly squeeze its food consumption patterns by causing a change in the structure of food consumption patterns observed earlier during pre-reforms period. This raises the relevance of tone at the composition of Indias food co nsumption basket. Changes in the composition of food consumption expenditure during the 1990s, including the shift from cereals to non-cereal items against the background of a decline in food expenditure share, occurred right across the growth spectrum and raise the stretch out of the nutritional implications of food items particularly during post-reforms period.PurposeThe purpose of this study of the literary productions was to determine which factors influence household and individual food consumption.Literature examineNumerous studies have been made in recent years on the trends of poverty, inequality and level of living in Indian states during the 1990s. Some have highlighted the reduction in poverty (Sundaram and Tendulkar 2003 Bhanumurthy and Mitra 2004), while some others have expressed anguish over the rising economic inequality (Deaton and Dreze, 2002 Sen and Himanshu, 2004 Krishna, 2004).There is a common feeling that although thither has been some overall improvement in the comely levels of living of people across the majority of states, those who were already on a better footing could reap the advantages of the economic reforms in the 90s and experience faster growth, while there was no tangible improvement for the poorest few. Again, the rural -urban expenditure gap, believed to have widened overtime, needs meticulous scrutiny.Campbell (1960) conducted a survey and had given a comparison between older persons and younger persons at identical income level. Younger people, at all income level, spend more on clothing, furniture and miscellaneous items than older people but less on medical care. David (1962) studies revealed that the size of the family and frequency of purchasing durable goods, kinds of durable purchased and the substitution of durables for commercial services hampers the consumption pattern of households. Chatterjee (1962) on the basis on NSS consumption expenditure data for rural and urban areas and six zones has been estimate d for elasticities on expenditures on food.Gupta(1968) has compared the differences in overall consumption patterns in the state of UP and Tamil Nadu for the reason of their known and distinct economic , social and cultural differences .The study has concluded that there exist significant differences in consumer expenditure on various categories of item in those states in general as well as also between rural and urban regions in each of devil states.Kwang (1972) had analyzed the effect of income as well as other economic and social demographic characteristics on households consumption expenditure significantly among different groups. Chatterjee Bhattacharya(1972) have constructed indices of consumer price differential between the rural areas of different states of India with NSS 18th round data. Rao(1977), in her study has tried to name some measures at development in order to identify regressive regions and subsequently to examine the trends in inter regional and inter sectora l disparities in India.The study by Sarkar(1983) based on NSS consumer expenditure data for 13,16,21 28 rounds supports the hypothesis that level of living and expenditure pattern differs over the states. Kumar and Aggarwal (2004) mulish the extent of poverty in Delhi slums through consumption patterns, date and educational status of the slum population.FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FOOD CONSUMPTIONIncomeIncome is an important mover of widening the range of consumption options, especially as economies around the world become increasingly monetized. Income gives people the big businessman to buy diverse, nutritious foods sooner of feeding only their own crops, to pay for motorized transport or else of walking, to pay for health care and education for their families, to pay for water from a tap instead of walking for many hours to collect it from a well. The increasing dependence of much consumption on private income means that changes in income have a dominant influence on changes i n consumption. When incomes rise steadily consumption rises for most of the population. But for the same reason, when incomes decline, consumption also falls sharply, with devastating consequences for human well being.Demographic CharacteristicsThe demographic characteristics have an important bearing on the level of income, consumption expenditure and rescue of the society. Features like rate of growth of population, educational level of the head of the household and other members, the age of the members of the household, the size of the family are some of the factors which have a direct effect on the saving of the community, especially in the rural areas. According to Leff (1969) this factor as a determinant of saving had been left wing out because, this hypothesis had not been validated by extensive experiential testingLevel of EducationThe level of education of the head of the household and that of other members of the family determines the nature of occupation they are invol ved in, the level of income that they get and the motivations for saving. Also the level of education of the female members of the community is likely to have a positive influence on the saving ratesizing and Pattern of AssetsFor any economic unit wealth reflects the net direct of accumulated saving, revaluation of assgets and capital transfers ever since the unit came into existence. The size and pattern of assets held by the households determine the income enjoyed by the household as also the add of income saved and the pattern of investment of saving.Time useOpportunities to consume can be severely limited by lack of time. Women, spend many hours a day meeting the households needs and have no time left for education, better health care or community activities. Similarly, overworked labourers whitethorn receive an adequate wage. but they often work long hours and are denied the opportunity of regular leave.InformationInformation is the key to raising cognisance of the range of consumption options acquirable and enabling the consumer to decide which choices are best. Without information. there is no way of knowing what goods and services are available in the market. and what services are being provided by the state and are. By right, available to all. Advertising and public information campaigns play an important role in this respect.Social barriersIncome cannot always remove barriers to access to opportunities. This is particularly so when considerations of gender, class or ethnicity limit peoples freedom to consume the goods and services they want. For example, people belong to certain ethnic groups might be denied equal access to education, employment and other basic social services by the state, regardless of how much they earn.The household- decision- make and upbringingMuch analysis of consumer decision-making assumes that the person making the decision is the one who will directly benefit from the consumption. This is far from the truth in many ca ses. A great deal of household consumption decision making is in the hands of one person-often the mother or the father of the family.Although this whitethorn lead to good outcomes, it can also be a source of inequity within the family- Household values has a wider effect on the consumption options of individual members. The education and upbringing given to children early in life play a critical part in establishing their ability to make good use of the options available for living a safe and fulfilling life. The remarkable expansion and diversification in consumption options have made it more difficult for consumers to make informed choices.Globalization and ConsumptionAs a result of increased purchasing power and opportunity to purchase, a change was manifest in the activity of consumption. The definition of what constitutes a requirement is changing, and the distinctions between luxuries and necessities are blurring. Globalization is integrating not just trade, investment and financial markets it is also integrating consumer markets around the world and opening opportunities. This has two effects i.e. economic and social. Economic integration has accelerated the opening of consumer markets with a constant flow of new products. There is fierce competition to remove to consumers worldwide, with increasingly aggressive advertising. On the social side local and depicted object boundaries are breaking down in the setting of social standards and aspirations in consumption.Technological AdvancementAnother important factor that has changed the rural consumption pattern in recent years is the technological advancement in agriculture which has in turn raised the income of the rural population. The increased income is likely to be used for consuming more of the items which are already in their commodity basket. This may increase their choices of falling on goods with sensory arouse such as sweets, tobacco, drugs and intoxicants and also those goods and services associated with prestige and status.Summary and completionThis study shows that food plays a central part in the culture, traditions . alpha events such as weddings, funerals, and religious celebrations are all accompanied by food specifically prepared for the occasion. Consumption of traditional food is more often than not associated with poverty and consequently, as people move to the city, they change their diet to a typical westernised diet with a high fat content and low carbohydrate intake (Bourne et al., 1996). Our study order that this population associated meat with high socio-economic standing and therefore tried to consume it on daily basis. Our findings are confirmed by those of Wong et al. (1984) who examined a relationship between household income, level and expense and consumption of food in urban marginal areas of Mexico. The authors found a marked tendency to increase consumption of high protein foods as family income increased. It emphasizes the critical import ance of taking these factors into consideration in developing strategies for modifying eating practices.

Gender Roles Essay -- Papers

Gender Roles The affects of sexual practice social functions on people greatly change the way the society runs. According to the Websters dictionary the definition of gender are the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex, and the definition of voice is a character assigned or assumed. The key word in this definition is assumed therefore, whether you are male or female, you know what office you must play in society. Traditional gender roles are honest to society. They benefit society in many ways including keeping stability, stage and generally making life easier. Women have to work two jobs away(p) the home and within the home, taking care of the children. Children that are not raised by their parents do not end up as nearly as kids that are. These are some of the many reasons why we should have tralatitious gender roles. Gender roles impart stability and coiffure in society. For example, in societies with traditional gender roles there are arranged marriages. Arranged marriages provide stability and order, because it takes the stress off women and men. It also eliminates the fear of rejection from either side. It keeps order because the muliebrity will sting in the signal, take care of the kids date the men will go out and make a life history for the family supporting them with money. Additionally, women work too hard in non- traditional role societies. In non-traditional role societies, women work too hard with the combined jobs of house and the workload outside the house. Men and woman have called a truce on the fight between gender roles that took place during much of twentieth century. However, now the problem is... ...ty, and in non- traditional gender role societies woman are over worked by the stress of their job combined with family unit work. Lastly woman are better nurturers than men therefore they should stay home with the children. T raditional gender roles are beneficial to society. Work Cited ---------- 1) Anderson, Porter. CNN. 1998. 08 Apr. 2002 . 2)Gender Studies University of Gdansk. 02 Feb. 1991. University of Gdansk. 07 Apr. 2002 . 3) Morin, Richard, and Megan Rosenfeld. upper-case letter Post. 22 Mar. 1998. 07 Apr. 2002 . 4) Role of Woman in Islam. 10 Apr. 2002 . 5) The Family At place is a Heartless World. Vol. 1. N.p. Harper Collins, 1995.

The Irish Troubles: Yeats Poetry Essay -- Writing Writers Literature

The Irish Troubles Yeats meterWilliam Butler Yeats, born in Dublin, Ireland June 13, 1865, is considered by many to be cardinal of the greatest English-language poets of the 20th century. The following exposition, grounded on the hypothesis that Yeats poetry was decisively influenced by the political occurrences of that time period, will give biographical information, a recounting of the political upheaval during that period, specific poetry excerpts/critical analysis and validation of hypothesis.William Butler Yeats is integrity of the many famous names to accompany from the original Golden Dawn. His poetry and writings were a display of his high temperature for mysticism and the Occult Sciences(www.webus.com/hogd/bioyeats.html). He received the Nobel Prize for literature in 1924. Yeats realized early on the oppression and austerity that both he and his fellow countrymen endured. Yeats father was a lawyer, who later pursued a race as a painter. In 1867, the family followed hi m to London, where William spent most of his youth. Upon his return to Dublin, Yeats furthered his studies at the Metropolitan School of Art. As a writer Yeats made his ingress in 1885, when he published his first poems in The Dublin University follow(www.kifjasto.sci/wbyeats.htm). In 1887 the family returned to Bedford Park and Yeats devoted himself to writing. Later in 1889, Yeats met his undeniable love, Maude Gonne, an Irish Nationalist, who greatly inspired his poetry. However, Maude later married Major John MacBride.At the start of the Irish Civil War Yeats went to Oxford, but returned then to Dublin, adequate a Senator in the same year. As a politician Yeats defended Protestant interests and took pro-Treaty stance against Republicans. In 1932 Ye... ...likely that anyone reading this article can image tender violence and most of us simply find the lack of complaisant behavior to be far beyond anything we can understand. It seemed to me that it would be becharm to try an d shed some light on the so-called troubles because the built in bed in Northern Ireland exceeds several lifetimes and yet appears incomprehensible(//www.ftlcomm.com/ensign/ireland/ireland2.html).To conclude, Ireland has set about years of prejudice, suppression, and tyranny. Yeats, like many other nationalists recognized this and in his take personal manner attempted to address these issues by publicly announcing his contempt for this discrimination, by means of poetry, but to no avail. As we can see, these troubles continue to challenge the citizens of Ireland. Perhaps, one day this persecution will cease to exist, but for now it is an existing way of life

Sub-Saharan Civilizations Essay -- History, African Civilizations

The textbook has defined a civilization as a sophistication of a peoples intellectual, cultural, and artistic traditions (149). It continues to describe characteristics such as writing, the reading of cities, as well as a state bureaucracy as a means of recognizing civilizations (149). These, while a general guide, do not and should not only if determine whether or not a federation is a civilization as there are galore(postnominal) early(a) factors to take into account. Africa, for example, differed from Europe and Asia tremendously in organization, among many other ways (149). While many African societies did not consist of all these characteristics, many were literate and developed urban populations (149). The lack of state bureaucracy inwardly an African society, or an absence of another characteristic alone, should not solely determine whether or not a society is a civilization (149). One must take other factors into consideration because the civilizations of one region, d o not mimic that of others. The geographic location and make up of the African continent hindered Sub Saharan contact with the...

Rates of Reaction Experiment :: Papers

Rates of Reaction Experiment Rate of reaction kernel the rate of formation of a product/disappearance of a reactant, this is reusable beca uptake we can quantify the different concentrations reacting with the acid, and give each of them a rate, base on the formula rate = 1/time. Rate of reaction is what we use to measure how quickly a reaction takes to reach a veritable point in the reaction in this case it is when it gets to certain cloudiness. In this investigation, we will need to measure the time of the reaction, so we can contribute a rate for it, to do this we use the formula, - rate = 1/time * 1000, we use the *1000 so that it is a manageable number to mend on a graph if necessary. It is generally measured in time, as this is the but means possible to us however you must be careful because as heat is a catalyst, it strongly affects the rate as you will see in the results, so we feel to try and cumber it the same throughout the look into . The reaction we are studying is very diffuse to monitor and time. All of the products in the solution dissolve into it (sodium chloride, sulphur dioxide and water), apart(predicate) from sulphur, which makes the solution go cloudy, and forms a precipitate. This can be written passel as s-1for example 15.7 s-1means 15.7 per second is the rate of the reaction. The rate is generally measured by selecting a certain amount of two substances, and finding a suitable way of judging when the reaction has finished, the reaction is then timed, and when you have a time, you put it into the formula rate = 1/time *1000.This is the only method available to us, because it can not be done all other way for this experiment, but others may be measured in different ways, i.e. mass loss, or amount of gas evolved could be measured. The Equations for this experiment are Sodium thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid Sodium chloride + sulphur +

The Character of Okonkwo in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

The Character of Okonkwo in Things Fall isolated What makes a successful man? This, in itself, is a culture bound incertitude because it can vary from culture to culture. However, in the perception of Okonkwo, the main character in Chinua Achebes novel, Things Fall Apart, the measure of a mans success is based on two elements, material acquisition and growth, and physical prowess. This is ironic for Okonkwo since his peoples typical appraisal of success seems to be constructed of a complex, strong spiritual culture, seemingly competent to deal in traditional ways with any challenge in nature and human experience. (Ravenscroft 9) Although Okonkwo is undoubtedly an important member of Umuofian society, he is non a typical representative of that society. (Taiwo 115) It is this basic dichotomy between Okonkwo and his own culture that directly lead to the tragic fall of Okonkwo, and ultimate disgrace. I feel that it is important to note at this time that T hings Fall Apart is a tragedy, and Okonkwo is a tragic hero. For TFA to be a tragedy, it must deliver the goods the following pattern... A tragedy .. is the imitation of an action that is erious, has magnitude, and is complete in itself in language with pleasurable accessories, each kind brought in singly in the various parts of the work in a dramatic, not in a narrative form with incidents arousing pity and fear, wherewith to accomplish it purification of such emotions Aristotle, Poetics Okonkwo is a tragic hero because he is superior to the rhythmic people of the tribe, Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villa... ...up perfectly in the last lines of the book when an entire culture, all of its oral traditions, customs, ceremonies, lives, the very bone marrow of the Ibo people merited a reasonable paragraph in the exsanguinous mans book, The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger. BIBLIOGR APHY Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Portsmouth, advanced Hampshire Heinemann Educational Publishers, 1986. Aristotle. Aristotle The Poetics. The Longinus On the Sublime. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1960. Ravenscroft, A. Chinua Achebe. Great Britain Longmans, Green & CO LTD, 1969. Serumaga, Robert. A Mirror of Integration. Protest and struggle in African Literature (1969) 76 Taiwo, Oladele. Culture and the Nigerian Novel. New York St. Martins Press, 1976.

Education Through My Eyes :: Philosophy of Education Statement Teaching Essays

Education by means of My Eyes What is education? More than that, what should education be? Education is the lick of teaching and learning. It should be fun for both teacher and pupil. Education should be embraced with eagerness and the teacher and student should be able to reverse roles mavin learning from the other. I want to be part of this process. My desire is to variety at least one life. I want to see the find of amazement on the face of a child who has just lettered his/her ABCs or who has said a nursery stave for the first time. My consort room will be decorated with knowledge. Walls colorful by the rainbow, rugs lined with the alphabet. Each desk would have a special make out and the bulletin board would be decorated by the seasons and holidays or the drawings make by my students they colored with pride. I would arrange desks so that my students can enroll in cooperative learning as much as possible. I do not want calculators used in my class, they take away from the learning experience. At least once a week, I would ointment a subject and have each group tell the anticipate of the class what they have learned about it. I believe that there has to be some type of authorization in a classroom, however, that authority can not be abused. My rules will be easy to come about 1) Have materials ready for class 2) Do not disrupt class 3) Do not talk while the teacher is talking 4) play along your hands to yourself 5) No food or drinks in class unless there is enough for everyone. There will be rewards for the student who has the fewest violations of these rules. Discipline, I believe should be administered according to the severity of the crime, with the most severe creation sent to the principal for action. I believe that a teacher should be a leader, a role model. A teacher should be the students friend, who cares not only about making sure students learn, but makes sure the students ar ent starving for food or attention.

Metaphor in Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Metaphor in small townIn Shakespeares critical point, Act III scene 1, Hamlets soliloquy of To be or not to be is full of metaphors that bring the non-homogeneous themes of the play together. One of the primary themes of the play is Hamlets disbelief of action and inability to decide how to cope with the problems he faces. In Hamlets soliloquy, Hamlet metaphorically discusses his indecisiveness about the importance of keep his life and asks himself whether tis nobler of the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune or to take a leak arms against a sea of troubles, and, by opposing them, end them. Hamlet wonders whether it is worth facing all his problems (slings and arrows of outrageous fortune) or to place suicide (and by opposing them, end them.) Hamlet metaphorically comp...

Pornographys Effects on Relationships Essay -- Porn Porno Dating Marr

Pornographys Effects on RelationshipsWhen it comes to relationships thither are more things that need to be present in instal for it to work out. You must confine support from both sides and h angiotensin-converting enzymesty is besides a big factor. When pornography enters a relationship it can be destroyed and could possible betteration that relationship forever. This essay pull up stakes be able to inform you of all(prenominal) the ways that pornography can and does ruin relationships. Support for this argu workforcet will be drawn from the following sources diary of Sex and Marital Therapy, Love, Sex, and Health, and The Question of Pornography. First of all practice is one of the biggest factors when it comes to being in a relationship. It there is no trust it could all easily fall apart. This is why so many women loose their husbands trust when they first discover that they drop been cheating on them with pornography magazines, books, and more than often internet sites. Pamela Paul states that most men do non admit to engaging in pornography but study to efface it from their spouse in order to keep it a secret. When their spouses end up finding out about it, all trust has been lost in the relationship and this is when it usually ends (100). Most women become devastated when they find out that their husbands have a second deportment. They really feel that they have been cheated on and have lost that special connection between their significant otherwise and them. When women find out about this it usually leads to short term musical interval which in the end leads to divorce and their relationship simply becomes another statistics of how many relationships pornography has ruined. Most relationships rely on trust and when that trust marry is broken it is very hard to get it back.Along with trust comes ingenuousness and if any(prenominal) women believe that their husbands may be using pornography they may confront them and ask. Pamela Paul says a typical males response is of course not. Then they go on to say I cant believe that you dont trust me when men say this is makes their wives really think about what they just asked and so they end up evaluate them (99). It is sad to think that some women can be easily controlled kindred the above situation but also most women like to try for for the best so they just decide that their husband is telling the truth. The men on the other hand continue to go on, as life is normal and still engage in porno... ...tually enhances relationships have several impregnable claims, it is still evident that pornography is, overall, damaging to relationships. There is more try out to support the argument than the counterargument. Most of the argument sources are recent journals that have all updated statistics and information while the counterargument sources are mostly books and at least(prenominal) a few years old. In conclusion, it has been shown that pornography does indeed ruin relationships and is shown by the argument, which is much stronger, whence the counterargument. There may be some good benefits to using pornography but more often than not it always seems to ruin more relationships. Pornography may be all(prenominal) where and available to almost everyone and it may never go away and relationships will continue to be ruined. In the future people should learn to accept life the way it should be without all of the superficial parts of it. In the end it will be able to help them, to have a much healthier relationships that last much longer. The government should make a law to ban all types of pornography in order to try and save more relationships. As a result of this the divorce when then be lowered.