Discuss the continuities in the history of youth travel from the Grand Tour to the gap year.

Discuss the continuities in the autobiography of youth spark off from the epic arrest to the gap class.

The conventional view of circuitisms past is dominated by the history of western cultural experience. It evoke be traced sanction to the eighteenth century g-force Tour of extended fail of preadolescent manpower from the soft classes of the United Kingdom and opposite parts of no(prenominal)thern Europe to continental Europe for knowledgeal and cultural purposes Towner, 1996, which, suggested that touristry starts with the wealthy, with images of prestigious visits, Grand Tours and time and wealth consuming activities (Towner, 1995, p. 339). During the famous rattling(a) tour, greater proportion of aristocratic childlike men enjoyed the gram tour, and the average length of the sink journey was one to two age, with servants and a tutor (French et al, 1997, p. 37).

Withey (1998, p. 3) describes the peremptory tours as a ? service of passage intended to affix a young man?s formal culture and offer up him with some experience of the world?. Young men would visit museums, learn languages and acquire an appreciation of painting, architecture, history and harmony (Dickman, 1989, p. 4). Grand tour was the symbolic for wealthy and aristocratic European families, who have had enough discretionary income and time to pass. Nevertheless, grand tour provided younger travelers with the opportunities to become fully educated members of elite cabaret. Therefore, grand tour regularly referred as the educational nature of travel. O?Reilly (2006, p. 1004) supported this claim that Grand Tour considered certain experiences to be educational and character forming, making for a more than cultivated individual.

Grand tour has contributed significantly to the tradition of youthful travel. In product line with grand tour, tramping has as well as served as a religious rite aid in accomplishing the separation from home and family required by Western styles of adulthood (Adlder, 1985, p. 337). Unlike the grand tour to provide educational opportunities, tramping was linked more explicitly to an early map of occupational life, journeymen being required to travel for several years before being certified as masters in their craft (Adlder, 1985, p. 339). When pack regard tramping as a rite of passage into adulthood, yet, the tramping was primarily responsed to the problem of unemployment, and though young men were more likely than older ones to tramp when local have for labor diminished, tramping was not limited to youth alone (Adlder, 1985, p. 339). Nonetheless, tramping unendingly had touristic components, young men were motivated not only by the search for survey but also by a desire for sightseeing and adventure.

In the 1960s and 1970s, affluent youth, also known as drifters travelled the world (Cohen, 1973). In contrast with grand tour and tramping, Cohen (1972) argued that the drifter has least contact with the tourism industry, has no fixed itinerary or timetable, travels on a more limited budget, and is more of a risk- moderater. Drifters are young people who run away from materialistic societies to where they believe can search for the truth of philosophies. They believed that their travels were a rite of passage into the following(a) do of their lives (Chappel, 2008, p. 40). Cohen in his study (1973) described drifter as vulnerary tramps from middle or upper classes families- unpatriotic and escapist, they commonly beg, scavenge, and treat food and lodgings.

After 70s, drifter appeared to have declined with the phenomenon of growth of long-term international budget tourism in the 80s (O?Reilly, 2006, p. 1005). Meanwhile, young people are widely accepted rite of passage associating with ideals of freedom, ad hominem development, fulfillment, and part of their education (2006, p. 998). Younger people are more willing to accept bagger label, and take a long-term, commence budgeted serendipity travelling after study, known as ?gap year? (O?Reilly, 2006). To some extent, the similarities indicate that backpackers are the inheritors of the drifters. However, today?s backpackers resist from the original drifters. They are socially constructed, well educated, openness to strangers, willingness to take risks, and would return home for their work.

Youthful backpack could link with Grand Tour, because its focus on gaining education through exposure to variant culture. Backpacking has helped younger traveler to developed stronger sense of self-identity. In contrast with tramping, backpacking has shifted from work-related travel to more pure tourism, though, travel can be good for the curriculum vitae in work experience gained on the road and demonstrating qualities that many employers find piquant (O?Reilly, 2006, p.1010). Through the backpacking, young people would make contact with others consequently plant a network, which would benefit for their future careers and life circles.

In conclusion, grand tour, tramping and drifter tourism has contributed significantly throughout the history of youthful tourism.



Grand tour was for the wealthy aristocratic young men who travel for the formal education. Tramping was linked more explicitly to an early stage of occupational life, it would regard as a rite of passage. In contrast with grand tour and tramping, drifter was young escapist run away from materialistic society with no fixed itinerary or timetable, travels on a more limited budget. Nevertheless, they believed that their travels has not different between grand tour and tramping, were a rite of passage into the next stage of their lives. Modem backpacker tourism is the inheritor of drifter, young people initiate long-term and budgeted backpacking tourism in their gap year. However, backpacker is differing from drifter. They are more socially constructed, well educated, believed that backpacking tourism can enhance their social network, benefit for future careers and establish self-identity. Therefore, throughout the history of tourism, the content of tourism evolves dramatically, the context of education and experience will never change.

References:Adler, J 1985, ?Youth on the road: Reflections on the history of tramping?, Annals of tourism research, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 335-354.

Chapple, S 2008, Tour 5001: The principles and practices of tourism and hospitality Handout, University of South Australia, AustraliaCohen, E 1972, ?Towards a Sociology of International touristry?, Social Research, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 164?189.

Cohen, E 1973, ?Nomads from affluence: Notes on the phenomenon of drifter-tourism?, International journal of comparative sociology, vol. XIV, nos. 1-2, pp. 87-103.

Dickman, S 1989, tourism: An introductory text 3rd ed., Hodder Education, NSW, Australia.

French, CN, Craig-Smith, SJ, Collier, A 1997, Principles of Tourism, LongMan, Mel, AustraliaO?Reilly, CC 2006, ?From drifter to gap year tourist: Mainstreaming backpacker travel?, Annals of tourism research, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 998-1017.

Towner, J 1995, ?What is tourisms history??, Tourism Management, Vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 339-343.

Towner, J 1996, An Historical Geography of Recreation and Tourism in the Western World 1540-1940, John Wiley, Chichester, UK.

Withey, L 1998, Grand Tours and Cook?s Tours: a history of leisure travel, 1750 to 1915, Aurum Press, London.

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