Hf Channel

HF Channel

Ionsophere is the channel used by the high frequence waves (3-30MHz) for communicating. Ionosphere is the highly ionized part of the Earth’s glory which helps in the radio times. The structure of ionosphere is highly volatile and depends on a variety of factor like time of day, season, macula number, Geomagnetic variations etc. Ionosphere is divided into the following social classs

D stratum

It is the innermost layer of the ionosphere among 50-90 km above the surface of the Earth. High grade of recombination renders this layer to be very lightly ionized. It absorbs low frequence rays and thus obstructs communication.

E Layer

This is the middle layer spreading between 90-140 km in the atmosphere and is highly variable in space and time. It is important for bending most of the signals and reflecting some signals in the lower HF band. It contains larger patches of ionization called sporadic E layer.

F Layer

F layer is the most important layer for HF communications and with an approximate elevation of 140-400 km. It has the sterling(prenominal) electron density and is the only layer responsible for HF communication at night. F layer is divided into F1 and F2 regions. The lifetime of electrons is greatest in the F2 region.





Suitability of HF channel For MIMO

For MIMO to result in some kind of shit an important factor is the multipath fetidness of the channel. This can be deduced from the rank of the channel matrix or the properties of the covariance matrix. If the sub channels are correlated diversity gain reduces. The reduced correlation also promoter that the independent information streams collapse the rank of the channel matrix to 1 which means that spatial multiplexing is not possible and only beamforming can be used to select the strongest eigenmode of the channel.
Ionosphere also offers multiple paths to signals. Such propagation paths include the ground wave, ionospheric refraction, reradiation by the ionospheric layers,...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



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